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Introduction: The government system of public health monitoring was created in order to eliminate adverse health effects of environmental factors in humans. The use of human biological specimens as markers of effect of environmental pollution makes it possible to assess the dynamics of concentrations and levels of exposure to priority metals, to identify territories with the highest and lowest levels of priority metals, and to predict both negative and positive changes in response of critical organs and systems based on trend analysis. Objective: To develop a biomonitoring algorithm to improve objectivity of assessing human health damage caused by environmental pollution with metals. Materials and methods: Concentrations of metals in human biological specimens were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cause-and-effect relationships were established by mathematical modeling of the relationship between the dose of exposure at its various pathways and metal concentrations in human blood, urine, hair and nail specimens. Results: We propose a biological monitoring program, which includes determination of territories of the highest potential risk of health damage causes by priority metals, of exposure zones and monitoring points spatially linked to economic entities classified as those posing extremely high and high potential human health risks, of the size of population at risk and particular risk groups, as well as substantiation of priority metals of natural and man-made origin, media and pathways of exposure based on the results of proven causal relationships in the system “exposure – marker of exposure – marker of effect”, the study and dynamic assessment priority metal concentrations in biological specimens of individuals at risk. The detection of increased levels of metals in biological specimens may indicate that the environmental pollution is dangerous to human health and requires managerial decision making as a means of managing health risks and eliminating health damage manifested by diseases associated with metal exposure. Conclusion: The suggested algorithm of biological monitoring, aimed at establishing and eliminating adverse effects of environmental factors in humans will contribute to the development of the public health monitoring system in terms of determining and specifying priority territories, zones, control points, and relevant indicators for inclusion in monitoring programs. The results of biological monitoring of metals can be included in the substantiating materials of expert opinions, used in justifying the prosecution of persons guilty of pollution of the environment with metals due to proven violations of mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements by economic entities that caused harm to public health, in justifying and evaluating the effectiveness of sanitary, hygienic, and preventive measures.
Introduction: The government system of public health monitoring was created in order to eliminate adverse health effects of environmental factors in humans. The use of human biological specimens as markers of effect of environmental pollution makes it possible to assess the dynamics of concentrations and levels of exposure to priority metals, to identify territories with the highest and lowest levels of priority metals, and to predict both negative and positive changes in response of critical organs and systems based on trend analysis. Objective: To develop a biomonitoring algorithm to improve objectivity of assessing human health damage caused by environmental pollution with metals. Materials and methods: Concentrations of metals in human biological specimens were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cause-and-effect relationships were established by mathematical modeling of the relationship between the dose of exposure at its various pathways and metal concentrations in human blood, urine, hair and nail specimens. Results: We propose a biological monitoring program, which includes determination of territories of the highest potential risk of health damage causes by priority metals, of exposure zones and monitoring points spatially linked to economic entities classified as those posing extremely high and high potential human health risks, of the size of population at risk and particular risk groups, as well as substantiation of priority metals of natural and man-made origin, media and pathways of exposure based on the results of proven causal relationships in the system “exposure – marker of exposure – marker of effect”, the study and dynamic assessment priority metal concentrations in biological specimens of individuals at risk. The detection of increased levels of metals in biological specimens may indicate that the environmental pollution is dangerous to human health and requires managerial decision making as a means of managing health risks and eliminating health damage manifested by diseases associated with metal exposure. Conclusion: The suggested algorithm of biological monitoring, aimed at establishing and eliminating adverse effects of environmental factors in humans will contribute to the development of the public health monitoring system in terms of determining and specifying priority territories, zones, control points, and relevant indicators for inclusion in monitoring programs. The results of biological monitoring of metals can be included in the substantiating materials of expert opinions, used in justifying the prosecution of persons guilty of pollution of the environment with metals due to proven violations of mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements by economic entities that caused harm to public health, in justifying and evaluating the effectiveness of sanitary, hygienic, and preventive measures.
Introduction. The dual value of manganese (Mn) for the human body is due to its need for low concentrations for many physiological processes and toxicity in excess intake and accumulation in the tissues. The intake of Mn in the body in concentrations exceeding the physiological norm occurs mainly by inhalation and extremely rarely by absorption through the intestine, so atmospheric air pollution is considered one of the most likely causes of the development of Mn hypermicroelementosis. Materials and methods. The quantitative content of Mn in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to analyze the reference values and detect trace elements. Results. Hypomicroelementosis was detected in 3.3% of residents of Gorno-Altaisk, mainly in the age group of 4-17 years, hypermicroelementosis was detected in 17% of residents, mostly in the older age group. The reference values of the Mn concentration of the residents of Gorno-Altaisk (2.37 mg/kg) are close to the data of Japan (2.4 mg/kg) and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1.8-12.9 mg/kg). Thus, the reference values of the Mn concentration of the surveyed population of Gorno-Altaisk are close to the indices of large industrial regions. Limitations. The intake of Mn with particles from solid and liquid fuel emissions suspended in the air by residents was not evaluated. Conclusion. Against the background of the low industrial load in Gorno-Altaisk, the problem of widespread use of solid fossil fuels remains relevant. Due to the burning of coal, the atmospheric air is polluted with a wide range of heavy metals, including an increased content of Mn. The geographical features of the city cause poor self-cleaning of the air basin an increased concentration of pollutants in the atmospheric air, which increases the risk of hypermicroelementosis. The results of this study indicate the need to improve the level of ecological culture of the population of Gorno-Altaisk and completely abandon the use of solid fossil fuels.
Introduction. The biogeochemical environment of the territory of the Eastern Zabaikalye is characterized by excess, deficiency or unfavourable ratio of many macro- and microelements in soil, water and vegetation. This is due to the metallogenic characteristics of the region and industrial mining activities, carried out for more than three hundred years. The aim of the study was to investigate the accumulation of chemical elements in the hair in children and to identify specifics in their distribution depending on the naturally occurring and technogenic factors. Materials and method. Hair samples were taken from seventy nine 5-12 years children living in the areas of geochemical anomalies and in the administrative centre of the region, Chita. The elemental composition of the samples for 28 chemical elements was determined by multi-element instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using nonparametric methods, concentration coefficients were calculated relative to the regional background. Results. In settlements (V-Shakhtaminsky, Sherlovaya Gora, Kalga, Urulyungui) located in the zone of geochemical anomalies, which formation is associated with the presence of various and numerous deposits of lead-zinc, gold-polymetallic, tin, molybdenum ore and mining operations, the maximum amount of substances with content exceeding the regional background is observed in the biosubstrate. The values of concentration ratios above the background were established for antimony, gold, arsenic, europium, ytterbium, silver, rare-earth elements, cobalt, chromium, zinc and iron. Limitations. In studying the elemental homeostasis of children and adolescents living in natural and anthropogenic geochemical anomalies of Zabaikalsky Krai, the content of 28 chemical elements in hair was analyzed. Conclusion. The revealed characteristics of distribution and accumulation of certain spectrum of chemical substances in biosubstrate in children and adolescents reflect both metallogenic features of each territory and technogenic impact, which allows forming an idea of a unique regional component of the elemental homeostasis in the population.
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