Clinical medicine and public health would benefit from simplified acquisition of biological samples from patients that can be easily obtained at point of care, in the field, and by patients themselves. Microneedle patches are designed to serve this need by collecting dermal interstitial fluid containing biomarkers without the dangers, pain, or expertise needed to collect blood. This study presents novel methods to collect biomarker analytes from microneedle patches for analysis by integration into conventional analytical laboratory microtubes and microplates. Microneedle patches were made out of cross-linked hydrogel composed of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) prepared by micromolding. Microneedle patches were shown to swell with water up to 50-fold in volume, depending on degree of polymer cross-linking, and to collect interstitial fluid from the skin of rats. To collect analytes from microneedle patches, the patches were mounted within the cap of microcentrifuge tubes or formed the top of V-bottom multiwell microplates, and fluid was collected in the bottom of the tubes under gentle centrifugation. In another method, microneedle patches were attached to form the bottom of multiwell microplates, thereby enabling in situ analysis. The simplicity of biological sample acquisition using microneedle patches coupled with the simplicity of analyte collection from microneedles patches integrated into conventional analytical equipment could broaden the reach of future screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of biomarkers in healthcare and environmental/workplace settings.

Aim: scientific forecasting toxicity and evaluation potential hazard of the biological action of aluminum oxide nanoparticles for human health. Methods: forecasting toxicity and assessment of potential hazards was carried out according to the results of forecasting-analytical modeling complexes of indicators characterizing physico-chemical, molecular biological, biochemical, cytological and ecological properties with calculation coefficients of hazard (D) and incompleteness of data evaluation (U) of nanoscale aluminum. Own research on the establishment of size and shape of nanomaterial were performed using dynamic laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area were determined by the method of Brunauer, Emmet and Taylor. Results: aluminum oxide nanoparticles have a size of 30-40 nm, specific surface area 113 m2/g insoluble in water, superhydrophobic, have an effective positive charge. They are have the ability to generate reactive oxygen, damage DNA, disrupt protein expression, depolarize cell membrane, cause morphological changes and cell death, disturb the mitochondrial metabolism, impact on proteomic and metabolic profiles, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine interleikin-1, ß, tumor necrosis factor and cluster of differentiation 86, 80 and 40. Besides, the material under investigation has such long-term effects of aaction: carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity. Conclusions: based on the results of forecasting modeling, established: aluminum oxide nanoparticles have a high degree of potential hazard for human health (coefficient D = 2,202 that is included in the range 1,780-2,449 and correspond to a high degree of potential hazard). The results indicate necessity for toxicological studies and preparation toxicological-hygienic characteristics of aluminum oxide nanoparticles at various routes of intake for development of effective preventive measures of negative impact on workers and consumers in contact with nanoproducts.