Biological Activity of Celery Extract Using Different Extraction Methods

Abstract

Celery is a medicinal plant that is widely used as an ingredient in traditional medicine in Indonesia. Scientifically, celery extract has the ability as an antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-breast cancer, and inhibiting ACE enzyme activity as antihypertensive. The use of maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods will give different results on the amount and biological activity of the extract. This study aims to determine the biological activity of celery extract using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction method. TEAC, FRAP, NO, and DPPH scavenging assays were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activities. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay were used to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The sulforhodamine B and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition assays were used to determine anti-breast cancer and antihypertensive activities, respectively. The celery extract from both extraction methods had antioxidants activity, inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and showed as antihypertensive by ACE inhibition. The maceration gave better activities than UAE with significant results in antioxidants, especially in a water solvent. The use of solvents had more effect on antioxidant activity, especially the FRAP and DPPH free radical scavenging method, as well as the TPC and TFC values of the extract compared to the extraction technique. It was found that ethanol solvent was better than water. The maceration provided better activities than ultrasound-assisted extraction in antibreast cancer. However, there was no significant difference in antihypertensives. The UAE extraction method produced higher yields but had lower antioxidant and anticancer activity than a maceration.