Biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Costa Rica, Central America

Dubey, J. P.; Su, Chunlei; Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque de; Morales, Juan Alberto; Bolaños, Ronald Eduardo Díaz; Natarajan, Sundar; Kwok, O. C. H.; Shen, S. K.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.031

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, a single marker was used to genotype Toxoplasma in these studies but it does not allow identification of nonclonal strains, and to determine more precisely the presence of polymorphisms in the population [7,38]. Our result also agreed with similar studies in other countries that type II was detected in stray cats using PCR-RLFP [22,25,31,[39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The PCR-RFLP assay at five markers revealed that the avirulent isolate in this study belongs to type II clonal lineage. These five markers have been successfully used in T. gondii genotypes in cats in previous studies and proved to identify the genotype of isolates in cats [29][30][31]. Although, ten genetic markers allow isolates with high resolution [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran.

Khodaverdi

Razmi

2019

Preprint

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Background: Cats as a definitive host have an important role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii infection and isolate and identify the genotypes of T. gondii in stray cats in Mashhad suburb. Methods: From April 2016 to August 2017, 175 fecal samples from stray cats and 31 brain samples from cats killed in driving accidents were collected. The fecal samples were examined by fecal flotation technique and T. gondii -specific PCR. The brain samples were investigated by T. gondii -specific PCR and consequently examined by mice bioassay. The DNA of T. gondii isolated was genotyped using SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers. Results: In the present study, Toxoplasma -like oocysts were microscopically observed in 2.2% (4/175) fecal samples. The presence of Toxoplasma oocysts was confirmed in one microscopy-positive sample by PCR. In addition, T . gondii DNA was detected in 4% (7/175) microscopy-negative samples using PCR. T. gondii was isolated from one brain PCR-positive sample by mice bioassay. The isolate was avirulent and many T. gondii cysts were observed in mice brain. The isolate was successfully genotyped by PCR-RLFP analysis .The isolated genotyped was type II. Beside, eight Toxoplasma- positive fecal samples contained insufficient DNA and only amplified at SAG-3 locus in PCR. These samples were also showed type II pattern at this locus. Conclusions: Parasitological and molecular results showed low frequency of Toxoplasma infection in the stray cats, and identified the genotype of T. gondii isolate as type II, for the first time in Mashhad area, Khorasan Razavi Province.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran.

Khodaverdi

Razmi

2019

Preprint

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“…Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GRA6 sequence was important for a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using a single endonuclease (Mse I) to differentiate the T. gondii genotypes into type I, II, and III lineages (Fazaeli et al 2000). GRA6 gene was used as a PCR-RFLP marker to genotype the T. gondii isolates (Fazaeli et al 2000;Miller et al 2004;Lin et al 2005;Khan et al 2005Khan et al , 2006Petersen et al 2006;Dubey et al 2006bDubey et al , 2007aDubey et al , 2011Belfort-Neto et al 2007;Velmurugan et al 2009;More et al 2010;Ragozo et al 2010). The Indian isolates were of moderate mice virulence and a SAG2 gene based restriction fragment length polymorphisms study predicted their type III lineage (Sreekumar 2001;Sreekumar et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in India by GRA6 gene sequence analysis

Biradar¹,

Saravanan

Tewari

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing based genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Indian isolates (Izatnagar and Chennai isolates and Chennai clone) vis-a vis RH-IVRI strain was conducted by targeting GRA6 as genetic marker. The 791 bp GRA6 product was PCR amplified from the genomic DNA of different T. gondii Indian isolates, including the RH-IVRI strain. Tru1I restriction endonuclease based PCR-RFLP of GRA6 sequence produced polymorphic digestion pattern that discriminated the virulent RH-IVRI strain (as type I) from the moderately virulent local isolates as type III. The PCR amplicon of T. gondii GRA6 from RH-IVRI strain as well as from the local isolates were cloned in cloning vector and custom sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of T. gondii isolates were aligned with that of the type I, II and III strains (RH, BEVER-LEY, ME49, C56, TONT and NED) available in public domain and analyzed in silico using MEGA version 4.0 software. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GRA6 marker from the Indian isolates revealed a close genetic relationship with type III strains of T. gondii. Further, detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at positions 162 and 171 of the GRA6 marker, established the lineage of Indian isolates as type III. This is the first report on characterization of T. gondii lineage as type III in selective chicken population of India based on PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of GRA6 gene.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii adalah parasit intraseluler obligat. Parasit ini paling unik di antara famili Apicomplexa, karena parasit ini dapat masuk dan memperbanyak diri di dalam sel semua hewan berdarah panas termasuk unggas (Soulsby, 1982;Levine, 1995;Dubey et al,2005;Dubey et al,2006). Toxoplasma gondii menyebabkan penyakit toksoplasmosis yang sudah tersebar di seluruh dunia (Tenter et al, 2000).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pelacakan Ekspresi Antigen Toxoplasma gondii secara Imuno(sito)histokimia (TRACKING EXPRESSION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIGENS USING IMMUNO(CYTO)HISTOCHEMISTRY METHOD)

Apsari

Winaya

Nindhia

et al. 2018

JVet

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The research objective want to track the expression of Toxoplasma gondii antigenes in the heart of the free-range chicken with immuno(cyto)histochemistry technique. In the present study were examined three methods to track antigen T.gondii, first method direct microscopic examination of the heart digests, the second method to detect antigen of T.gondii with immunocytochemistry technique of the chicken heart digests and the third immunohistochemistry examination of the heart free-range chicken. The number of material samples examined were 100 heart free-range chicken. Direct microscopic examination of the heart digests free-range chicken to track the bradyzoite form (inside cyst). Examination by immuno(cyto)histochemistry technique keep track T.gondii an antigen expression on cells and heart muscle tissue. The results showed that the direct microscopic examination on the heart tissue unable to detect cyst and antigen T.gondii. Immunohistochemical examination successfully detected the expression of antigenes T.gondii and was found 2% (2/100) positive. It can be concluded that T.gondii antigen expression in the heart of range chicken could be detected by immunohistochemistry.

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Biologic and genetic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Costa Rica, Central America

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran.

Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in India by GRA6 gene sequence analysis

Pelacakan Ekspresi Antigen Toxoplasma gondii secara Imuno(sito)histokimia (TRACKING EXPRESSION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIGENS USING IMMUNO(CYTO)HISTOCHEMISTRY METHOD)

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