Bioerosion and Coral Reef Growth: A Dynamic Balance

Glynn, Peter W.; Manzello, Derek P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7249-5_4

Cited by 206 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…study low Ω arag coincided with high nutrient levels (Crook et al, 2012), which could also cause increased bioerosion (Glynn, 1997). On the other hand Tribollet et al (2009) showed that coral blocks euendolithic micro-algae developed significantly under conditions of comparably low Ω arag levels at low nutrient levels (NH 4 + =0.4 µmole/L and PO 4 -3 =0.1 µmole/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Community calcification in Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef: A 33 year perspective

Silverman

Schneider

Kline

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Measurements of community calcification (G net)However, it should be noted that the uncertainty in the live coral coverage estimates in this study and in 1978 were fairly large and inherent to this methodology. Using the reef calcification rate equation while assuming that seawater above the reef was at equilibrium with atmospheric PCO 2 and given that live coral cover had not changed G net should have declined by 30±8% since the LIMER study as indeed observed. We note, however, that the error in estimated G net decrease relative to the 1970's could be much larger due to the uncertainties in the coral coverage measurements. Nonetheless, The similarity between the predicted and the measured decrease in G net suggests that ocean acidification may be the primary cause for the lower CaCO 3 precipitation rate on the Lizard Island reef flat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Community calcification in Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef: A 33 year perspective

Silverman

Schneider

Kline

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Here, Scleractinian or reef-building corals proliferate, depositing copious amounts of calcium carbonate. As corals die, their dead skeletons build up over time and are "glued" together by the activities of other organisms such as encrusting red coralline algae (Glynn and Manzello, 2015). Other organisms such as calcifying green algae, invertebrates, and phytoplankton also contribute to the overall carbonate budget of warm water coral reefs (Hutchings and Hoegh-Guldberg, 2009), leading to three-dimensional calcium carbonate structures that build up over hundreds and thousands of years.…”

Section: Distribution Abundance and Importance Of Coral Reef Ecosysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, there is a high level of confidence that the increases in mass coral bleaching and mortality since the early 1980s are due to anthropogenic climate change in particular ocean warming . The loss of symbionts from coral tissues can have immediate effects through the loss of photosynthetic energy, and lead to starvation, disease, reproductive failure, and a loss of competitive ability relative to other organisms on coral reefs (Hoegh-Guldberg and Smith, 1989;Glynn, 1993Glynn, , 2012Hoegh-Guldberg, 1999;Baker et al, 2008;Hoegh-Guldberg et al, 2014;Glynn and Manzello, 2015).…”

Section: Biological Responses To a Rapidly Warming And Acidifying Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral Reef Ecosystems under Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

et al. 2017

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Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat to a large range of organisms as well as providing many other ecological goods and services. Warm-water coral reefs, for example, occupy shallow sunlit, warm, and alkaline waters in order to grow and calcify at the high rates necessary to build and maintain their calcium carbonate structures. At deeper locations (40-150 m), "mesophotic" (low light) coral reefs accumulate calcium carbonate at much lower rates (if at all in some cases) yet remain important as habitat for a wide range of organisms, including those important for fisheries. Finally, even deeper, down to 2,000 m or more, the so-called "cold-water" coral reefs are found in the dark depths. Despite their importance, coral reefs are facing significant challenges from human activities including pollution, over-harvesting, physical destruction, and climate change. In the latter case, even lower greenhouse gas emission scenarios (such as Representative Concentration Pathway RCP 4.5) are likely drive the elimination of most warm-water coral reefs by 2040-2050. Cold-water corals are also threatened by warming temperatures and ocean acidification although evidence of the direct effect of climate change is less clear. Evidence that coral reefs can adapt at rates which are sufficient for them to keep up with rapid ocean warming and acidification is minimal, especially given that corals are long-lived and hence have slow rates of evolution. Conclusions that coral reefs will migrate to higher latitudes as they warm are equally unfounded, with the observations of tropical species appearing at high latitudes "necessary but not sufficient" evidence that entire coral reef ecosystems are shifting. On the contrary, coral reefs are likely to degrade rapidly over the next 20 years, presenting fundamental challenges for the 500 million people who derive food, income, coastal protection, and a range of other services from coral reefs. Unless rapid advances to the goals of the Paris Climate Change Agreement occur over the next decade, hundreds of millions of people are likely to face increasing amounts of poverty and social disruption, and, in some cases, regional insecurity.

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“…is commonly found in higher energy environments (Glynn, 1997) where it is able to graze tough macroalgae and crustose coralline algae growing on hard substrates (Steneck and Watling, 1982). The identity of other subdominant species differed between environments, with the herbivorous Columbella mercatoria and corallivorous Coralliophila spp.…”

Section: Gastropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%