Biochemical systematics [by] Ralph E. Alston [and] B. L. Turner.

Alston, Ralph E.; Turner, B. L.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5677

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…No hybrids between B. leucophaea and B. leucantha were encountered although they could have easily been recognized chromatographically, and no evidence of complex hybridization was forthcoming. A morphological reappraisal of the total population structure supported the interpretation based on the chromatographic data, since most plants in the field were apparently pure species (24).…”

Section: Natural Hybridizationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Perspectives in Chemotaxonomy

Alston

Mabry

Turner

1963

Science

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Historically, chemical taxonomy of plants developed out of the chemistry of natural products, and was limited essentially to observations of distributional correlations between groups of plants and certain of their chemical products. The possibilities of the application of chemical knowledge to the problems of systematics have intrigued both chemists and biologists for many years. The classic work of Baker and Smith (1) in 1920, on the oils of Eucalyptus, is generally cited as an example of such an application. The work of these investigators surpassed that of much later periods in that, throughout their studies, the specific oil components of Eucalyptus were always identified. In later work, the chemistry was often treated only superficially, but inferences of great phylogenetic significance were extracted from the meager data (2).Most chemical studies devoted primarily to systematic problems in plants are concerned with groups of secondary constituents such as alkaloids, terpenes, and various water-soluble pigments. Within a particular taxonomic group the presence of certain unusual compounds may help to delimit the group (for example, the alkaloids of Senecio or Veratrum; the isothiocyanates, or mustard oils, of Cruciferae). Sometimes, distinctive chemical features provide sound bases for speculation about SC~E=IENCE corollary, the biosynthetic and enzymatic bases of the two systems, should be of great interest. There are numerous other examples of compounds whose distributions make it difficult to determine whether the compounds are indicative of a phylogenetic connection or of independently evolved pathways. Many alkaloids, the isothiocyanates, certain nonprotein amino acids, some steroids, some sesquiterpenes, the carbon glycosides of flavones, and even some fatty acids (such as petroselenic acid of the Umbelliferae, Araliaceae, and Simarubaceae) are substances whose taxonomic distributions may reflect one to several independent evolutionary appearances.As a general guide to the systematic evaluation of comparative chemical data, one may use the "percentage of frequency rule" (3). In principle, this rule states that the taxonomic distribution of a member of a group of biosynthetically related substances is inversely related to the chemical complexity of the member. Therefore, the more complex members of a chemical series occur in taxa which are evolutionarily more advanced. As long as the principle is not applied as a rigorous criterion for phylogenetic positioning it is useful. However, numerous examples, involving loss mutations and other evolutionary mechanisms, may be called to mind which limit the reliability of the percentage of frequency rule. Figure 2 illustrates the broad application of the rule to a few selected groups of phenolic compounds, all of which are considered to have a close biosynthetic relationship. An apparent contradiction to the percentage of frequency rule is encountered among quinones. Excluding coenzymes (for example, ubiquinone), the monocyclic benzoquinones have a more rather b...

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Section: Natural Hybridizationsupporting

confidence: 52%

Perspectives in Chemotaxonomy

Alston

Mabry

Turner

1963

Science

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“…Alloxan is an inhibitor of aconitase and prevents the production of succinyl-CoA [21]. 3-Nitropropionate is a suicide inhibitor of the succinate dehydrogenase and prevents the production of succinyl-CoA during reverse reductive reactions of the TCA cycle [22]; it also inhibits isocitrate lyase of the glyoxylate bypass in R. ruber [6]. Addition of 0.1 to 10pM alloxan to the medium increased the amounts of even-numbered fatty acids incorporated into triacylglycerols by R. opacus when the cells were cultivated on acetate and to a minor extent also when the cells were cultivated on gluconate (Fig.…”

Section: Tab 2 Accumulation Of Fatty Acids and Fraction Of Odd-numbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of storage lipids in species of Rhodococcus and Nocardia and effect of inhibitors and polyethylene glycol

1997

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Members of the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia corallina were investigated for their capability to accumulate storage lipids that occur in the cytoplasm during cultivation of the cells under nitrogen-limiting conditions in the absence or presence of various effectors. All bacteria were able to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG) as main compounds plus minor amounts of diacylglycerols and wax esters. In addition to neutral lipids, R. fascians, R. erythropolis, and R. opacus MR22 accumulated small amounts of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and N. corallina and R. ruber accumulated significant amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) from glucose or valerate. Alloxan or 3-nitropropionate, which are inhibitors of the citric acid cycle, caused a decrease in the content of odd-numbered fatty acids in the TAG accumulated from acetate by R. opacus PD630. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of the fatty acid de novo synthesis, completely inhibited accumulation of TAG from glucose or gluconate but not from hexadecane in all bacteria investigated. In addition, cerulenin caused an increase of the PHA content and resulted in an increase of the relative amounts of 3HB units in the PHA in R. ruber and N. corallina. Acrylic acid, an inhibitor of fatty acid P-oxidation, completely or partially inhibited accumulation of TAG from hexadecane or valerate, respectively, in R. opacus PD630. In R. ruber, acrylic acid completely inhibited accumulations of TAG from valerate; under these conditions the content of PHA increased twofold, and the polyester consisted exclusively of 3HV. PEG-200 (0.2 to 5%, w/v) caused a decrease in the PHA content, but stimulated the incorporation of 3HV units into the PHA in R. ruber. Therefore, the relative amounts and compositions of both storage lipids can be affected by various compounds in these Gram-positive bacteria. Anhliufung von Speicherlipiden in den GattungenRhodome cus und Nocardia und EinfluE von Inhibitoren und Polyethylenglykol. Vertreter der Gattungen Rhodococcus und Nocardia corallina wurden auf ihre Fahigkeit, Speicherlipide im Cytoplasma wahrend der Kultivierung unter stickstomimitierenden Bedingungen in Gegenwart oder Abwesenheit verschiedener Effektoren zu akkumulieren, untersucht. Alle untersuchten Bakterien akkumulierten Triglyceride (TG) als Hauptkomponente sowie als Nebenkomponenten zusatzlich Diglyceride und Wachsester. R. fascians, R. etythropolis und R. opacus MR22 akkumulierten dariiber hinaus geringe Mengen Poly(3-Hydroxybutte~ure), (PHB) wiihrend N. corallina und R. ruber dariiber hinaus betrachtliche Mengen Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)bestehend aus 3-Hydroxybuttersaure (3HB) und 3-Hydroxyvaleriansaure (3HV) ausgehend von Glucose oder Valeriansaure akkumulierten. Alloxan und 3-Nitropropionsaure, Inhibitoren des Zitronensaurezyklus, bewirkten eine Abnahme des Gehalts von Fettsauren mit ungerader Anzahl von C-Atomen in den TG in Acetatzellen von R. opacus PD630. Cerulenin, ein Hemmstoff der Fettsauresynthese, unterdriickte die Akkumulati...

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“…Secondary plant constituents render themselves fruitfully to chemo-systematic studies especially if chemically or biosynthetically related (Alston and Turner, 1963;Hegnauer, 1962;Swain, 1963). Essential oils, including terpenoid and non-terpenoid volatile components are particularly suited for such studies since they occur in many plant families, are of a wide chemical diversity, and may be readily extracted and gaschromatographed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Citrus as a Tool in Phylogeny

Scora¹,

Malik²

1970

TAXON

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT)is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. SummaryThe rough lemon group was investigated as to its coherence and affinity to the true lemon group. The probable affiliation of the Moroccan rough lemon was scrutinized. The possible origin of the true lemons were studied with the help of genetic and essential oil analysis. A divergence diagram of these groups and of a few old-line species is presented based upon an essential oil discriminant computer analysis.

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Biochemical systematics [by] Ralph E. Alston [and] B. L. Turner.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Perspectives in Chemotaxonomy

Perspectives in Chemotaxonomy

Accumulation of storage lipids in species of Rhodococcus and Nocardia and effect of inhibitors and polyethylene glycol

Chemical Characterization of Citrus as a Tool in Phylogeny

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