Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Biogenic Amines

Erdağ, Dinçer; Merhan, Oğuz; Yildiz, Barış Doğu

doi:10.5772/intechopen.81569

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…They are present in various fermented foods and have a lot of biological activities such as essential psychoactive or vasoactive effects (Erdag et al, 2018). However, some of these amines are so bioactive that they can cause various adverse effects in human health (Spano et al, 2010).…”

Section: Biogenic Amine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 used for product manufacturing in Korea

Ban

Park

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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Lactic acid bacteria have been considered safe and commonly used in foods and fermentation processes (Bernardeau et al., 2006; Zielinska & Kolonzyn-Krajewska, 2018). Typically, they are Grampositive, mostly nonmotile, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic (or microaerophilic), and rod-(or cocci-) shaped bacteria that are utilized in fermented dairy and nondairy products such as fermented vegetables, meats, and beverages (Nuraida, 2015). Although the majority of probiotics contain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus genus is one of the most widely used probiotic strain. Streptococcus thermophilus has been generally isolated from traditional fermented milk and yogurt products (Vendramin et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2019). In particular, S. thermophilus has been used as a starter for dairy products because of rapid acidifying capacity during fermentation process (Naumenko et al., 2019; Santos et al., 2019). It has been also reported to exhibit several health-beneficial effects such as growth inhibition of many pathogenic bacteria and strong adherence to the gastrointestinal tract (Braun et al., 2020; Iyer et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2014). Although probiotics have been regarded as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strains, recent significant developments in the field

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Section: Biogenic Amine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 used for product manufacturing in Korea

Ban

Park

et al. 2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Regarding DAO, the reduction of its intestinal activity allows histamine to augment its concentration with vasoactive effects that lead to an increase in vascular permeability, hypotension and the development of inflammation. 19,218 The resulting fever and fatigue are potentiated by other biogenic amines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine. These have the ability to block sodium and calcium channels in nerve, musculoskeletal and cardiac cells, which intensifies the sensation of collapse.…”

Section: Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precisely, patients with allergic symptoms belonging to histamine intolerance tend to suffer the consequences of an increase in the activity of eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, which produce IL- The whole process is explained in the three previous paragraphs. 19,52,58,[124][125][126]130,162,[168][169][170][171]213,215,216,[218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233] M1 macrophages and neutrophils produce IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α• 213,215,216 M1 macrophages also synthetize IL-12, which together with TNF-α activates NK cells. 162 NF-κB from vascular and immune cells participates in the induction of IFN-γ [209][210][211][212] Abbreviations: NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor kappa B; AOC1/DAO, amine oxidase copper containing type 1/diamine oxidase; IgE, immunoglobulin E; FcεRI, high-affinity receptor for the Fc region of IgE; H1, H2, H3, histamine receptors without the "R" due to reduced space; DC1, dendritic cells type 1; M1 cells, macrophages type 1; Th1 cells, lymphocytes 13 169,226 and we have al...…”

Section: Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histamine should also be regulated, assuming a modulation in signalling for a proper immune response, which will all together reduce the risk of infections. 17 As iNOS and DAO are involved in the metabolism of polyamines, 18,19 this article aims to build a pathophysiological model for COVID-19 based on the relationship between the ACE, ACE2, TMPRSS2, NOS2, and AOC1 genes. For this, the different sections of the article discuss the following issues:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If it is inhibited or saturated, symptoms of poisoning develop 52,58. The HNMT enzyme, which is the intracellular histaminase, cannot compensate for the deficiency of the former and shows functional incompetence.228,229 (6) The proinflammatory properties of histamine allow to experience the burning sensation in the mucous membranes and the organoleptic characteristics of putrescine and cadaverine justify the emanation of unpleasant odours 19. The feeling of fatigue, which can be extreme, is a joint effect of histamine and polyamines, contrasting with their previously mentioned abilities to excite the patient.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Intestinal Perspective of COVID-19: NOS2 and AOC1 Genes as Epidemiological Factors, and a Homeopathic Approach to their Functional Improvement

Macías¹

2020

Homœopathic Links

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The new pandemic disease COVID-19 has wreaked havoc worldwide. Its infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2, uses two key human enzymes called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) to invade body cells. The first one is encoded by the ACE2 gene and the second by the TMPRSS2 gene. Both have an outstanding expression of RNA and proteins in the small intestine compared with other tissues. This prominent location may be related to the main entry route of SARS-CoV-2 into the organism. In the process of infection, two other genes can play a fundamental role: NOS2, which expresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and AOC1, which encodes diamine oxidase (DAO). Both also highlight in the small intestine and are involved in polyamine metabolism. These biogenic amines are important for viral replication, being enhanced when NOS2 and AOC1 genes are downregulated. In addition, NOS2 shows a negative correlation with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, while nondegraded histamine by DAO can lead to an upregulation of both genes on which the virus depends. Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition or underexpression of NOS2 and AOC1 determines the susceptibility to get sick, increasing the risk of infection. On the other hand, a therapeutic approach to the disease could be made with homeopathic medicines. Experiments show the remedies' ability to stimulate gene and protein expression, but a correlation between the symptoms of each drug and these expressions has not yet been established. Here an analysis of the pathogenesis of Silicea terra and Arsenicum album supported on the scientific literature is done. The objective is to propose a theory about their relationship with key genes whose protein expressed in deficiency can give rise to the chain of events that imbalance the internal environment (homeostasis) and allow the development of symptoms. Silicea seems to be related to NOS2 (gene)/iNOS (protein) and Arsenicum with AOC1 (gene)/DAO (protein), being necessary to carry out studies to corroborate these links. Therefore, the aim of this article is to show the importance of NOS2 and AOC1 genes in the development of COVID-19 and to propose a line of investigation to evaluate if homeopathy can improve their protein expression.

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Safety evaluation of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese

Kim

Mondal

Jeong

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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For applications of microorganisms as probiotics in the food industry, safety evaluation has increasingly become important to ensure the health of consumers. Although people have been using various lactic acid bacteria for different purposes, some studies have reported that certain lactic acid bacteria exhibit properties of virulence and produce toxic compounds. Thus, it is necessary to examine the characteristics associated with lactic acid bacteria that are safe for use as probiotics. This research aimed to assess the safety of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese using in vitro and in vivo assays, including antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, toxin production, infectivity, and metabolic activity in immune‐compromised animal species. The results demonstrated that the strain was susceptible to nine antibiotics suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Whole‐genome analysis revealed that L. lactis IDCC 2301 neither has toxigenic genes nor harbors antibiotic resistance. Moreover, L. lactis IDCC 2301 showed neither hemolytic nor β‐glucuronidase activity. Furthermore, none of the D‐lactate and biogenic amines were produced by L. lactis IDCC 2301. Finally, it was demonstrated that there was no toxicity and mortality using single‐dose oral toxicity tests in rats. These results indicate that L. lactis IDCC 2301 can be safely used as probiotics for human consumption.

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Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Biogenic Amines

Cited by 44 publications

References 83 publications

Safety assessment of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 used for product manufacturing in Korea

Safety assessment of Streptococcus thermophilus IDCC 2201 used for product manufacturing in Korea

The Intestinal Perspective of COVID-19: NOS2 and AOC1 Genes as Epidemiological Factors, and a Homeopathic Approach to their Functional Improvement

Safety evaluation of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese

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