Bioactive glass in tissue engineering

Abstract

This review focuses on recent advances in the development and use of bioactive glass for tissue engineering applications. Despite its inherent brittleness, bioactive glass has several appealing characteristics as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. New bioactive glasses based on borate and borosilicate compositions have shown the ability to enhance new bone formation when compared to silicate bioactive glass. Borate-based bioactive glasses also have controllable degradation rates, so the degradation of the bioactive glass implant can be more closely matched to the rate of new bone formation. Bioactive glasses can be doped with trace quantities of elements such as Cu, Zn and Sr, which are known to be beneficial for healthy bone growth. In addition to the new bioactive glasses, recent advances in biomaterials processing have resulted in the creation of scaffold architectures with a range of mechanical properties suitable for the substitution of loaded as well as non-loaded bone. While bioactive glass has been extensively investigated for bone repair, there has been relatively little research on the application of bioactive glass to the repair of soft tissues. However, recent work has shown the ability of bioactive glass to promote angiogenesis, which is critical to numerous applications in tissue regeneration, such as neovascularization for bone regeneration and the healing of soft tissue wounds. Bioactive glass has also been shown to enhance neocartilage formation during in vitro culture of chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels, and to serve as a subchondral substrate for tissue-engineered osteochondral constructs. Methods used to manipulate the structure and performance of bioactive glass in these tissue engineering applications are analyzed.

Powder bed generation in integrated modelling of additive layer manufacturing of orthopaedic implants

“…This formulation has been used in a variety of commercial bone graft materials as it stimulates healing and induces regeneration of bone tissue [28]. Recent research has also demonstrated the potential of bioactive glass as a bone tissue scaffold material [27,29]. Tissue scaffolds aim to support three-dimensional tissue formation by providing a structure for cell attachment and a microenvironment to promote regeneration.…”

Characterization of ZnO substituted 45S5 Bioactive Glasses and Glass - Ceramics

“…A first aim of the present investigation is to determine the bioactive behaviour of ZnO substituted 45S5 bioactive glasses and glass -ceramics since zinc is a trace element that shows stimulatory effects on bone formation (Rahaman, et al, 2011). A further aim of this investigation is to determine the density, micro hardness and flexural strength of these bioactive glasses and glass -ceramics.…”

Bioceramic Scaffolds

“…By its comparison with β-TCP, it degrades slowly in following order: OCP > α-TCP > β-TCP > u-HA> > s-HA [53] and after implantation, it undergoes little conversion to a bone like material [54]. For the same porosity, β-TCP scaffolds often exhibit lower mechanical strength than HA scaffolds, limiting their use in the load bearing applications [55]. The degradation rate and other properties can be influenced by varying HA to β-TCP ratios in BCP.…”