Carbon based or containing refractories has been attracting great attention because of their unique properties e.g. high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, high resistance to thermal shock and chemical inertness to the slag. They are classified into two groups; carbon/bricks/blocks and carbon containing materials. Carbon containing materials are further classified into carbon containing basic refractories and nonbasic refractories. Manufacturing processes are considered. The properties e.g. physical, thermal, mechanical and chemical are reviewed. Antioxidant and bonding materials for these types of the refractory products are reviewed. Their appli cations are also considered.

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The influence of some parameters controlling the hydroxyapatite (HA) suspension rheology in terms of heat treatment of the HA powder prior to suspension preparation, suspension solid loading and the amount of corn starch addition was thoroughly investigated. The heat treatment of powder at 1100?C prior to suspension preparation was found to be extremely efficient in preparing suspensions with high solid loading of 59 vol.%. In contrast, the highest solid loading that could be developed from the non-heat treated powder was 14 vol.%. This phenomenon is consequence of the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the powder after the heat treatment step. The amount of native corn starch addition has ranged from 10 to 40 vol.%. The addition of corn starch leads to the high retardation in the suspension viscosity, particularly at low shear rate. On the contrary, at higher shear rate the situation is completely different. The properties of the consolidated green sample (produced from suspensions containing various corn starch amounts) in terms of relative density and compressive strength were studied. The results indicated that even though there were no considerable changes in the relative density, the compressive strength was sharply increased with increasing starch amount content until it reached a maximum at 30 vol.% and then decreased thereafter.

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