Bioceramic Scaffolds

Amin, Amira M.M.; Ewais, Emad M.M.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.70194

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…In this aspect, the major requirements for the scaffolds are biocompatibility, suitable pore size, volumetric porosity, permeability and compatible stiffness and strength to the bone that is being replaced. Although bio-ceramics [162][163][164] and polymers [165][166][167] are commonly used to make tissue scaffolds, their mechanical strengths are in most cases inadequate for critical length defects. Accordingly, porous biocompatible metallic structures with matched permeability, stiffness and strength are preferable [168].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of highly permeable laser melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds

Arjunan

Demetriou

Baroutaji

et al. 2020

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

122

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Critically engineered stiffness and strength of a scaffold are crucial for managing maladapted stress concentration and reducing stress shielding. At the same time, suitable porosity and permeability are key to facilitate biological activities associated with bone growth and nutrient delivery. A systematic balance of all these parameters are required for the development of an effective bone scaffold. Traditionally, the approach has been to study each of these parameters in isolation without considering their interdependence to achieve specific properties at a certain porosity. The purpose of this study is to undertake a holistic investigation considering the stiffness, strength, permeability, and stress concentration of six scaffold architectures featuring a 68.46-90.98% porosity. With an initial target of a tibial host segment, the permeability was characterised using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in conjunction with Darcy's law. Following this, Ashby's criterion, experimental tests, and Finite Element Method (FEM) were employed to study the mechanical behaviour and their interdependencies under uniaxial compression. The FE model was validated and further extended to study the influence of stress concentration on both the stiffness and strength of the scaffolds. The results showed that the pore shape can influence permeability, stiffness, strength, and the stress concentration factor of Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds. Furthermore, the numerical results demonstrate the effect to which structural performance of highly porous scaffolds deviate, as a result of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. In addition, the study demonstrates that stiffness and strength of bone scaffold at a targeted porosity is linked to the pore shape and the associated stress concentration allowing to exploit the design freedom associated with SLM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of highly permeable laser melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds

Arjunan

Demetriou

Baroutaji

et al. 2020

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

122

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“…The scaffold porosity and pore interconnectivity are crucial for ensuring uniform cell distribution and cell survival since it affects the diffusion of physiological nutrients and gases. [136]. Moreover, scaffolds with different pores sizes ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm have a significant impact on implant functionality as they can interact with the protein, induce the formation of apatite when exposed to simulated blood fluids, promote cellular development, cell attachment, nutrient supply, cells waste removal and promote bone cells growth.…”

Section: Key Challenges and Future Directions Of Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bioceramics scaffolds for bone defects in different types of animal models: HA and β -TCP

Kahar¹,

Ahmad²,

Jaafar³

et al. 2022

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Increased life expectancy has led to an increase in the use of bone substitutes in numerous nations, with over two million bone-grafting surgeries performed worldwide each year. A bone defect can be caused by trauma, infections, and tissue resections which can self-heal due to the osteoconductive nature of the native extracellular matrix components. However, natural self-healing is time-consuming, and new bone regeneration is slow, especially for large bone defects. It also remains a clinical challenge for surgeons to have a suitable bone substitute. To date, there are numerous potential treatments for bone grafting, including gold-standard autografts, allograft implantation, xenografts, or bone graft substitutes. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are the most extensively used and studied bone substitutes due to their similar chemical composition to bone. The scaffolds should be tested in vivo and in vitro using suitable animal models to ensure that the biomaterials work effectively as implants. Hence, this article aims to familiarize readers with the most frequently used animal models for biomaterials testing and highlight the available literature for in vivo studies using small and large animal models. This review summarizes the bio ceramic materials, particularly HA and β-TCP scaffolds, for bone defects in small and large animal models. Besides, the design considerations for the pre-clinical animal model selection for bone defect implants are emphasized and presented.

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“…To replace the non-resorbable PTFE membrane, synthetic polymers have been predominantly employed as 2 nd Generation degradable membrane materials. Many polyester-based polymers have been employed as periodontal scaffold materials [24]. Synthetic polymers offer some advantages, including highly variable physio-chemical capabilities, variable biodegradation rates, and a low-cost, conventional manufacturing technology that enables mass production [25].…”

Section: Synthetic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffolds in Periodontal Regeneration

Khetan

Durge

Bajaj

et al. 2021

JPRI

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The periodontium is a well-designed central core made up of numerous tissues that surround and support the tooth. Sustained periodontitis has the ability to create havoc on periodontal tissues, leading to tooth loss. Diverse biomaterials are used as obstacle layers in the coordinated-tissue-recuperation (GTR), which at present is the highest quality level under the dentistry community, to treat periodontally weak teeth. Unique biomaterials have recently been structured in a tissue planning stage to aid in the recovery of injured periodontal tissues. In recent decades, innovations in stage manufacture have ranged from a genuine substrate to aid in the recovery of a specific kind of periodontal tissue to a multiphase/bioactive stage structure to coordinate a coordinated periodontal tissue recovery. This article discusses the new sorts of phrases that are being developed for periodontal tissue recovery.

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Bioceramic Scaffolds

Cited by 13 publications

References 129 publications

Mechanical performance of highly permeable laser melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds

Mechanical performance of highly permeable laser melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds

A review of bioceramics scaffolds for bone defects in different types of animal models: HA and β -TCP

Scaffolds in Periodontal Regeneration

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