Bio-Ethanol Production from Fruit and Vegetable Waste by Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Waste from the food is a challenge to the environment all over the globe, hence there is need to be recycled. Vegetables and fruits biomass is a resource of renewable energy with significant fuel source potential for the production of electricity and steam, fuel for consumption and laboratory solvents. Bioethanol derived from biomass contributed 10–14% of the total world energy supply and solved the world crisis such as global warming and depletion of fossil fuel. Presently, bioethanol is a global issue on the efforts to reduced global pollution, contributed significantly by the petroleum or diesel combustion or combination of both. Vegetables and fruits waste significantly contains high sugar which can be utilized and serve as a raw material in the production of renewable energy using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Though 80% of the current bioethanol are generated from edible materials such as starch and sugar. Biomass from lignocellulosic gathered more attention recently. The objective of this review is to account for the procedures involved in the production of bioethanol from biomass of fruits and vegetable waste through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this chapter, we discussed the biomass preparation and fermentation techniques for bioethanol and reviewed the results of different fruits and vegetable waste. We found pineapple and orange fruit biomass contain a higher amount of bioethanol and easier to extract than the other fruit and vegetable wastes. Recent review coined out that dry biomass of fruit and vegetable is a promising feedstock in the utilization of bioethanol production.

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Coffee Husk and Brewery’s Spent Grain Fibers Using Alkali-Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Method

“…Finally, the percentage of lignin content in the sample was estimated using equation ( 4). Te percentages of other components that existed in the sample were estimated using equation (5). Te quantitative methods used in the analysis of the chemical compositions of the CH and BSG fbers are mentioned in Table 1.…”

“…Te cofee husk of cofee Arabica has been widely studied for diferent applications [4]. For example, it was used as a feedstock for bioethanol production [5], as a food supplement in "energy drinks" [6], and also as a reinforcement agent in recycled polypropylene [7] and polyhydroxybutyrate composites [8]. CH fbers of cofee Arabica consist of cellulose (30-35%), hemicellulose (18-21%), lignin (19-22%), and other components (25-28%), such as waxy, organic, and inorganic components [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Valorization of tropical fruit‐processing wastes and byproducts for biofuel production

“…Long‐term criticisms of bioethanol production from first‐generation feedstocks (particularly food crops) stimulated shifting to non‐edible biomass, and this makes biofuel an attractive option to replace fossil fuels due to its renewability, cost‐effectiveness, and contribution to alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution 215 . The study by Khandaker et al 216 . and many other research findings reported that any fruit wastes and byproducts that are rich in fermentable sugar and carbohydrates are potential feedstocks or substrates for bioethanol production.…”

“…For instance, in the study conducted by Khandaker et al 216 . in Malaysia, the bioethanol production potential of fruits (pineapple and orange) and other two vegetables (potato and tomato) using Sacchromyces cerevisiae was reported and the pineapple waste/byproducts generated the highest (5.37%) yield followed by tomato wastes (5.07%).…”

“…115,116 Table 13 shows different fruit waste/byproducts that have been investigated for their bioethanol production potential, and most of the findings concluded that they are potential candidates even though their yield differs between different fruits. For instance, in the study conducted by Khandaker et al 216 in Malaysia, the bioethanol production potential of fruits (pineapple and orange) and other two vegetables (potato and tomato) using Sacchromyces cerevisiae was reported and the pineapple waste/byproducts generated the highest (5.37%) yield followed by tomato wastes (5.07%). Fish et al 221 stated that high cellulose, hemicellulose, and other lignocellulosic materials in watermelon waste and byproducts produce bioethanol fuel through the fermentation process using yeast (Ethanol Red).…”