Bio-Based Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressing Wood Plastic Composites Enabled by Phytic Acid Tyramine Salt

Abstract

Using bio-based chemicals and recycling waste plastics are essential components of the circular economy. Wood−plastic composites (WPCs), fabricated from recycled plastic and wood-processing wastes, are new, green, and environmentally friendly materials. However, their flammability causes potential fire risks and hazards. Although bio-based flame retardants possess the essential advantage over inorganic or petroleum-based chemicals, their application, particularly that of fully bio-based flame retardants, in WPC has been seldom reported. Herein, we designed and synthesized a fully bio-based flame retardant, phytic acid-tyramine salt (referred to as PATA), using a green and environmentally friendly approach with only deionized water as the reaction solvent. PATA is subsequently utilized in conjunction with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to synergistically impart flame-retardant properties to WPCs. PATA/APP shows a good flame-retardant effect, improving the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of WPCs. The PATA/APP system can increase the limiting oxygen index by 31% and achieve a vertical combustion V-0 rating. Furthermore, the PATA/APP system can reduce the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and maximum smoke density by 49, 22, and 15%, respectively. The PATA/APP system can generate phosphoric acid substances during combustion, which promote the decomposition of wood flour to form stable char layers containing P−N−C or P−O−C structures. Consequently, we provide an environmental-friendly approach to enhance the flame retardancy of WPCs.

Flame-Retardant and Form-Stable Delignified Wood-Based Phase Change Composites with Superior Energy Storage Density and Reversible Thermochromic Properties for Visual Thermoregulation

“…Two typical peaks can be seen in the XPS survey spectra of DW (Figure 1c), which indicated the presence of carbon (C 1s, 283 In Figure 1f, the peak at 133.9 eV corresponded to P 2p at the status of P−O and the peak at 135 eV corresponded to P�O, which further demonstrated the cross-linking of APA and the cellulose in PDW. 52 3.2. Microstructure and Morphology Analysis.…”

Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review

“…Leng et al [ 102 ] used a green approach to design and synthesize a fully biomass-based flame retardant, phytanic acid-tyramine salt (PATA for short), using deionized water as the reaction solvent. Then PATA was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to synergistically improve the flame-retardant properties of wood plastic composites (WPC).…”

“…However, research on biomass acid sources, gas sources, flame retardant synergists, and all-biomass intumescent flame retardants is scarce. For example, Leng et al [ 102 ] used phytic acid tyrosine salt (PATA) to react with deionized water. Then, PATA and ammonium polyphosphate were mixed to effectively increase the flame resistance of wood plastic composites.…”

Enhancement of the Weathering Resistance of Heat-Treated Wood: Surface Deposition of Zn Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Activation

“…Heat-treated wood is a type of commercial product that is thermally modified between temperatures of 160 and 240 °C . Over recent decades, the use of heat treatment technology for wood has increased, and the utilization of its products alleviates the declining production of durable timber and the increasing demand for sustainable building materials. − …”