Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review

Abstract

Wood is widely used as a construction material due to its many advantages, such as good mechanical properties, low production costs, and renewability. However, its flammability limits its use in construction. To solve the problem of wood flammability, the most common method to improve the fire safety of wood is to modify the wood by deep impregnation or surface coating with flame retardants. Therefore, many researchers have found that environmentally friendly and low-cost biomass materials can be used as a source of green flame retardants. Two aspects of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants are summarized in this paper. On the one hand, biomass is used as one of the three sources or as a flame-retardant synergist in combination with other flame retardants, which are called composite biomass intumescent flame retardants. On the other hand, biomass is used alone as a feedstock to produce all-biomass intumescent flame retardants. In addition, the potential of biomass-based materials as an environmentally friendly and low-cost FR source to produce high-performance biomass-based flame retardants with improved technology was also discussed in detail. The development of biomass-based intumescent flame retardants represents a viable and promising approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly production of biomass-based flame retardants.

Facile Strategy to Design a Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposite Fire Retardant with Strong Smoke Suppression Efficiency

“…12 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural biomass resources, can be used as a bio-based carbon source in the IFRs systems. 13 CNCs not only have the typical characteristics of reinforcing agents to improve the properties of polymers but also are environmentally friendly, renewable, and biodegradable. Suo et al 14 prepared a covalently modified CNC-based flame retardant (CNC@DPP@Zn) by the esterification reaction between CNC and DPP and the chelation reaction between CNC@DPP and Zn 2+ , which improved the thermal stability of the matrix and reduced the generation of smoke.…”

“…Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), extracted from natural biomass resources, can be used as a bio-based carbon source in the IFRs systems . CNCs not only have the typical characteristics of reinforcing agents to improve the properties of polymers but also are environmentally friendly, renewable, and biodegradable.…”