In order to efficiently exploit solar-thermal energy,
it is essential
to develop form-stable phase-change material (PCM) composites simultaneously
with superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity. Herein, phytic acid (PA)-modified,
zinc oxide-deposited, and surface-carbonized delignified woods (PZCDWs)
were constructed by alkaline boiling, PA modification, ZnO deposition,
and surface carbonization. Then, novel form-stable PCMs (PZPCMs) with
superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity were fabricated by impregnating n-docosane into PZCDWs under vacuum. The PZCDW aerogels
can well support the n-docosane and overcome liquid
leakage owing to their superior surface tension and strong capillary
force. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PZPCMs
possessed superior n-docosane encapsulation yield
and high phase-change enthalpy (185.2–213.1 J/g). Decorating
delignified wood by surface carbonization and ZnO deposition significantly
improved the solar-thermal conversion efficiency (up to 86.2%) and
thermal conductivity (193.3% increased) of PCM composites. Furthermore,
with the introduction of PA into PZPCMs, the peak heat release rate
and total heat release of the PCM composites decreased considerably,
indicating the enhanced flame retardancy of PZPCMs. In conclusion,
the novel renewable wood-based PCM composites demonstrate promising
potential in solar energy harnessing and thermal modulation technologies.
Fifteen new microsatellite markers were isolated in rock carp, Procypris rabaudi (Tchang), from an AC-enriched genomic library. The allele number of these loci ranged from three to 13 (average 6.87 per locus) in the tested 24 individuals. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.453 to 0.821 with an average of 0.719. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.712 (range 0.565-0.917) and 0.772 (range 0.542-0.855), respectively. These microsatellite markers could be useful in the population genetic study of rock carp.
The development of form-stable phase
change materials (PCMs) with
flame retardancy and the visual thermal storage process is crucial
for their application in building energy conservation. Herein, an
active phosphorus/ammonium-containing non-formaldehyde flame retardant
(APA) was synthesized based on the natural compound phytic acid. Then,
wood-based form-stable PCM composites (PTPCMs) with high energy storage
density, excellent flame retardancy, and real-time and visual reversible
thermochromic properties were successfully fabricated by impregnating
the thermochromic compound into the APA-grafted delignified wood.
The delignified wood well supports the solid–liquid PCMs and
avoids their liquid leakage during phase transition due to the high
surface tension and strong capillary effect. The differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the PTPCMs possessed high thermal
energy storage density (165.3–198.6 J/g) and reliable thermal
stability. With the concentration of the flame-retardant APA increased,
the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of
PTPCMs reduced noticeably, demonstrating the enhanced flame retardancy
of PTPCMs. Moreover, PTPCM composites had good thermoregulation properties
and the visualization of the phase transition process was made possible
by the reversible thermochromic properties. In summary, the novel
PTPCMs show tremendous application potential for efficient building
energy conservation.
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