The exploitation of from-stable phase change materials (PCMs) with superior energy storage capacity and excellent solar−thermal conversion performance is crucial for the efficient exploitation of solar energy. Herein, 2D-layered polymerized dopamine-decorated Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets (P-MXene) with superior photothermal effects and excellent oxidation stability were synthesized from Ti 3 AlC 2 particles by the selective etching and self-polymerization of dopamine. Then, novel biomass-derived PCM composites, eMPCMs, were fabricated by impregnating erythritol into P-MXene/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hybrid aerogels. The porous and interconnected 3D aerogels adequately support erythritol and resist liquid leakage during thermal storage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the eMPCMs based on P-MXene/CNF aerogels exhibited an extremely high thermal storage density (325.4−330.6 J/g) and excellent PCM loading capacity (up to 1929%). The introduction of P-MXene nanosheets into eMPCMs significantly increased the solar−thermal conversion and storage efficiency, solar−thermal−electricity conversion capacity, and thermal conductivity of the synthesized PCM composites. Moreover, the P-MXene/CNF hybrid aerogelbased PCM composites possessed excellent long-term thermal reliability and thermostability. Hence, the synthesized eMPCMs reveal tremendous potential for efficient solar−thermal storage fields.
In order to efficiently exploit solar-thermal energy,
it is essential
to develop form-stable phase-change material (PCM) composites simultaneously
with superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity. Herein, phytic acid (PA)-modified,
zinc oxide-deposited, and surface-carbonized delignified woods (PZCDWs)
were constructed by alkaline boiling, PA modification, ZnO deposition,
and surface carbonization. Then, novel form-stable PCMs (PZPCMs) with
superior solar-thermal storage efficiency, excellent flame retardancy,
and improved thermal conductivity were fabricated by impregnating n-docosane into PZCDWs under vacuum. The PZCDW aerogels
can well support the n-docosane and overcome liquid
leakage owing to their superior surface tension and strong capillary
force. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PZPCMs
possessed superior n-docosane encapsulation yield
and high phase-change enthalpy (185.2–213.1 J/g). Decorating
delignified wood by surface carbonization and ZnO deposition significantly
improved the solar-thermal conversion efficiency (up to 86.2%) and
thermal conductivity (193.3% increased) of PCM composites. Furthermore,
with the introduction of PA into PZPCMs, the peak heat release rate
and total heat release of the PCM composites decreased considerably,
indicating the enhanced flame retardancy of PZPCMs. In conclusion,
the novel renewable wood-based PCM composites demonstrate promising
potential in solar energy harnessing and thermal modulation technologies.
The development of form-stable phase
change materials (PCMs) with
flame retardancy and the visual thermal storage process is crucial
for their application in building energy conservation. Herein, an
active phosphorus/ammonium-containing non-formaldehyde flame retardant
(APA) was synthesized based on the natural compound phytic acid. Then,
wood-based form-stable PCM composites (PTPCMs) with high energy storage
density, excellent flame retardancy, and real-time and visual reversible
thermochromic properties were successfully fabricated by impregnating
the thermochromic compound into the APA-grafted delignified wood.
The delignified wood well supports the solid–liquid PCMs and
avoids their liquid leakage during phase transition due to the high
surface tension and strong capillary effect. The differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the PTPCMs possessed high thermal
energy storage density (165.3–198.6 J/g) and reliable thermal
stability. With the concentration of the flame-retardant APA increased,
the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of
PTPCMs reduced noticeably, demonstrating the enhanced flame retardancy
of PTPCMs. Moreover, PTPCM composites had good thermoregulation properties
and the visualization of the phase transition process was made possible
by the reversible thermochromic properties. In summary, the novel
PTPCMs show tremendous application potential for efficient building
energy conservation.
Impregnating organic phase-change
materials (PCMs) into
biomass-derived
aerogels is regarded as one of the most effective and accessible approach
to address the liquid leakage issues of solid–liquid PCMs.
However, the inefficient solar–thermal conversion and low thermal
conductivity still restrict the large-scaled applications of organic
PCMs in solar utilization fields. Herein, novel form-stable PCM composites
(CMPCM-Fe) with enhanced thermal conductivity and excellent solar-
and magnetic-driven thermal energy conversion and storage efficiency
were fabricated by impregnating n-docosane into Fe3O4-functionalized κ-carrageenan/melanin hybrid
aerogels (CMA-Fe) through vacuum impregnation. CMA-Fe effectively
supported n-docosane and prevented the leakage issue
during the phase transition process owing to its strong surface tension
and capillary force. CMPCM-Fe exhibited high encapsulated efficiency
(88.9–94.6%), satisfactory thermal storage capacity (229.1–246.9
J/g), and excellent reversible stability. The introduction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhanced the thermal conductivity
(55.3% increased) and solar–thermal conversion efficiency (up
to 93.5%) of CMPCM-Fe and endowed it with excellent magnetic–thermal
conversion capacity under an alternating magnetic field. The synthesized
CMPCM-Fe possesses broad application prospect in mutiresponse thermal
management.
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