Bases sociales y psicopolíticas del prejuicio hacia personas trans en habitantes de Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract

El prejuicio hacia personas trans se encuentra relativamente poco explorado en comparación a otros prejuicios sexuales y de género. El presente estudio analiza factores explicativos de las actitudes negativas hacia personas trans en ciudadanos/as de Córdoba, Argentina, a partir de la Escala de Actitudes Negativas hacia personas Trans (EANT). Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no aleatoria estratificada (N = 410) de población general. A partir de correlaciones y análisis de path, se replican resultados obtenidos por estudios en otros contextos, destacándose las contribuciones de edad, nivel socioeconómico, intensidad religiosa, variables psicopolíticas (Autoritarismo de Ala Derecha [RWA], Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social [SDO] – subfactor dominancia grupal), y psicosociales (sexismo y prejuicio sexual hacia gays y lesbianas, indagado con la Escala de Actitudes hacia Gays y Lesbianas [ATGL]). El modelo de path propuesto, explicó el 65% de la varianza total de la EANT, y presentó buenos ajustes globales. El artículo discute también las relaciones entre la EANT y ATGL.

English Validation of a Short Scale Designed to Detect Negative Attitudes towards Trans People (EANT)

“…In addition, large correlations were also obtained with other related constructs that measure negative predispositions towards homosexual people (HATH) and inclusive behaviours towards trans people (TIBS) [34]. These results are consistent with the findings obtained by Páez, Rabbia, Hevia and Pesci [58] that indicate that they are related to conservative attitudes in the social sphere and with various sexual prejudices such as those associated with sexual diversity and traditional gender identity. This study shows the transfer hypothesis indicated by Norton and Herek [73], which links prejudice towards the diversity of sexual orientations with prejudice towards trans and non-binary people.…”

“…The strengths of this scale are that there are no adequate instruments designed to determine negative attitudes towards trans people in populations of different countries and in this case in English. Most of the new scales assess transphobia using factors related to behavioural inclusion, however, this instrument emphasizes the unfavourable predispositions present towards trans people [58,[74][75][76]. We cannot measure inclusive behaviours if we do not know what the prejudices are that remain latent in society.…”

“…Versions formulated in a positive way that measure prejudice in a more subtle way may be better for use with other more educated groups with more positive predispositions [35,48]. Regardless of formulation, we do consider it necessary to collect manifest attitudes because prejudices towards trans people are still very high in the general population and it is necessary to continue working for the acceptance of gender diversity and the reduction of discrimination [58]. The correlations are very high with other constructs, but the limitation of this analysis may lie, as pointed out by Páez et al [6], in the fact that it is a sample composed of university students.…”

“…Scores are obtained by adding the values of each of the items and range from 9 to 45 with higher punctuation indicating more positive attitudes and less prejudice towards trans people. Specifically, the presence of prejudice towards trans people is considered low in mean scores between 9 and 21, the presence of moderate prejudice between 22 and 34 and the presence of very transphobic attitudes between 35 and 45 [58]. In the study by Páez et al [41], the reliability of the scale is good with an α of 0.90 in 173 university students.…”