Barley Photorespiration Mutants

Kendall, A. C.; Bright, S. W. J.; Hall, N. P.; Keys, A. J.; Lea, Peter J.; Turner, J. C.; Wallsgrove, R. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0516-5_133

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…173 More detailed investigation, however, has shown that the chloroplastic GS and GOGAT function primarily to reassimilate ammonia liberated during the photorespiratory cycle: glutamate generated by the ferredoxin-linked GOG AT is transported to the peroxisomes and mitochondria for the transamination reactions that link glyoxylate, glycine, serine, and hydroxypyruvate; mutants lacking chloroplastic GS and GOGAT are viable under conditions that suppress photorespiration. 174 …”

Section: Histidine Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

Amino Acid Synthesis

Mousdale

Coggins

1991

Target Sites for Herbicide Action

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.1. AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTSGreen plants share with most microbial species the capacity to synthesize all the major amino acids; the few exceptions are parasitic and depend on the nitrogen metabolism of the host plant. In addition, many nonprotein "uncommon" amino acids are produced, and frequently accumulated, in large amounts in a range of species; these are important in plant/plant, plant/ insect, and plant/ animal relationships. 1 The amino acids essential for mammalian diets are phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, and methionine for adults, with the addition of arginine and histidine for immature animals (the third aromatic amino acid required for protein synthesis, tyrosine, can be formed metabolically, given an adequate dietary intake of phenylalanine). The biosynthetic routes for these 10 amino acids are particularly attractive targets for toxicologically safe herbicides and for pesticides aimed at plant pathogens; the potential for antibiotics may be more limited because medicinally important microorganisms tend to inhabit nutritionally rich habitats.The general outline of the pathways of amino acid biosynthesis is shown in Figure 2.1. It should be stressed that the detailed enzymology of these pathways is far better understood in bacteria and some eucaryotic microorganisms than in higher plants; indeed, in most plant species, information on the relevant enzymology is fragmentary. 2 As will be seen later,

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Section: Histidine Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

Amino Acid Synthesis

Mousdale

Coggins

1991

Target Sites for Herbicide Action

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“…Similarly, assuming a dry matter content for leaves of 10%, the data provided by Wilcox et al (1985) indicated that the normal, nontoxic ammonium content was in the range 1 -3/~mol g-1 fr. Evidence that a high ammonium content alone is not sufficient to cause growth inhibition has been obtained by working on mutant plants deficient in the assimilatory enzymes (Kendall et al, 1986;Walker et al, 1984), and it has been shown, for example, that the supply of glutamine to glutamine synthetase deficient mutants increased both the ammonium content and the rate of photosynthesis (Blackwell et al, 1987). wt.…”

Section: Influence Of Nitrogen and Potassium On The Dry Matter Producmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nitrogen and potassium supply on the ammonium content of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves including a comparison of measurements made in vivo and in vitro

Gerendás¹,

Ratcliffe

Sattelmacher³

1995

Plant Soil

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Maize seedlings were grown on either nitrate or ammonium, at two different potassium levels, and the growth analysis revealed that ammonium supply reduced shoot dry matter particularly under conditions of limited potassium supply. The ammonium content of the leaves was determined in vitro, using continuous flow analysis of plant extracts, and in vivo using laN nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The conventional continuous flow analysis procedure was modified by the inclusion of a gas dialysis step across a PTFE membrane and control experiments showed that this provided an effective method for avoiding the overestimation of the ammonium content of leaf tissue extracts, by eliminating interference from amino acids and amides. Excellent agreement was obtained between the non-invasive NMR method and the modified continuous flow analysis technique, and it was concluded that leaf ammonium levels are unlikely to affect growth in plants grown with an adequate potassium supply.

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