The influence of nitrogen and potassium supply on the ammonium content of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves including a comparison of measurements made in vivo and in vitro

Gerendás, Jóska; Ratcliffe, George; Sattelmacher, B.

doi:10.1007/bf00155513

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…. Gerendas et al (1995) and Roosta and Schjoerring (2008) have reported similar results, in corn and cucumber, respectively. We also noted that wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis did not receive additional benefit at 10 mM K ?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…and K ? than is customary in hydroponic studies (Gerendas et al 1995;Cao and Tibbitts 1998;Kronzucker et al 2003b;Schjoerring 2007, 2008;Szczerba et al 2008a;Balkos et al 2010). To achieve similar growth suppressions as seen in the latter studies, typically with 5-10 mM NH 4 ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…with elevated NH 4 ? supply have been documented in a variety of experimental systems (Wilcox et al 1973;Gerendas et al 1995Gerendas et al , 1997Cao and Tibbitts 1998;Roosta and Schjoerring 2007), and these are seen both in WT and amos2, reflecting no difference in this target of ammonium toxicity. Calcium is widely known to regulate growth and development of plants (Hepler 1988;Mahalakshmi et al 2007), including the control of flowering and vegetative organogenic pathways (Capitani and Altamura 2004;Iwano et al 2009), and adventitious root formation (Bellamine et al 1998;Lanteri et al 2006;Li et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…ratio of 4-8 must typically be exceeded for NH 4 ? toxicity to be established (Gerendas et al 1995;Cao and Tibbitts 1998;Kronzucker et al 2003b;Schjoerring 2007, 2008;Szczerba et al 2008a). Shifting external K ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…toxicity (Gerendas et al 1995;Lasa et al 2001;Szczerba et al 2008a). Glutamine synthetase, the enzymatic entry point to NH 4 ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium overly sensitive mutant, amos2, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Gao

et al. 2011

Planta

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Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) toxicity is a significant agricultural problem globally, compromising crop growth and productivity in many areas. However, the molecular mechanisms of NH(4)(+) toxicity are still poorly understood, in part due to a lack of valuable genetic resources. Here, a novel Arabidopsis mutant, amos2 (ammonium overly sensitive 2), displaying hypersensitivity to NH(4) (+) in both shoots and roots, was isolated. The mutant exhibits the hallmarks of NH(4)(+) toxicity at significantly elevated levels: severely suppressed shoot biomass, increased leaf chlorosis, and inhibition of lateral root formation. Amos2 hypersensitivity is associated with excessive NH(4)(+) accumulation in shoots and a reduction in tissue potassium (K(+)), calcium (Ca(2+)), and magnesium (Mg(2+)). We show that the lesion is specific to the NH(4)(+) ion, is independent of NH(4)(+) metabolism, and can be partially rescued by elevated external K(+). The amos2 lesion was mapped to a 16-cM interval on top of chromosome 1, where no similar mutation has been previously mapped. Our study identifies a novel locus controlling cation homeostasis under NH(4)(+) stress and provides a tool for the future identification of critical genes involved in the development of NH(4)(+) toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…toxicity (Gerendas et al 1995;Lasa et al 2001;Szczerba et al 2008a). Glutamine synthetase, the enzymatic entry point to NH 4 ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium overly sensitive mutant, amos2, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Gao

et al. 2011

Planta

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Physiological and Biochemical Processes Related to Ammonium Toxicity in Higher Plants

Gerendás

Zhu

Bendixen

et al. 1997

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

318

308

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Nitrate and ammonium have different effects on many biochemical and physiological processes in plants, and at high concentrations this can lead to markedly different growth responses. Most plant species show reduced growth, smaller leaves and a stunted root system when exposed to high ammonium concentrations, and in severe cases this leads to chlorosis. Although well known, ammonium toxicity is poorly understood and is generally considered to be the result of one or more of the following effects; (i) ammonium‐induced mineral nutrient deficiency, arising from the impaired uptake of metal ions; (ii) secondary growth inhibition arising from the acidification of the rooting medium; (iii) alterations in intracellular pH and osmotic balance; (iv) uncoupling of photophosphorylation from electron transport, following the accumulation of ammonium in leaves; and (v) altered polyamine and phytohormone metabolism. These hypotheses are reviewed in the light of the available literature and experimental evidence from own experiments. It is concluded that no mechanism on its own provides an adequate explanation of the available data.

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Do reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by NaCl contribute to ammonium accumulation in Spartina alterniflora?

Hessini

Cruz

Soltani

et al. 2009

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Growth, activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and some metabolic processes related to ammonium metabolism were investigated in a salt-tolerant Spatina alterniflora. In comparison to 0 mM-NaCl treatment, growth of S. alterniflora plant increased significantly at 200 mM NaCl, but was highly inhibited at 500 mM NaCl. Ammonium concentration in the leaves and roots increased 2.1-3.4 times when plants were treated with 500 mM NaCl. Under 200 mM NaCl, antioxidant-enzyme activities increased, however, at 500 mM the antioxidant system was unable to compensate reactive oxygen species induced by NaCl. At this high level of salinity, ammonium production through nitrate reductase (NR) was inhibited, but no significant changes in the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were found. We conclude that the accumulation of ammonium under high salt stress was not due to inhibition of the assimilatory activities of GS or GDH. Ammonia accumulation under high salinity may result from amino acid and protein catabolism activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a lack of carbon skeletons to incorporate ammonium into organic molecules due to a decrease in photosynthetic activity in salt-stressed plants.

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The influence of nitrogen and potassium supply on the ammonium content of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves including a comparison of measurements made in vivo and in vitro

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium overly sensitive mutant, amos2, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium overly sensitive mutant, amos2, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Physiological and Biochemical Processes Related to Ammonium Toxicity in Higher Plants

Do reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by NaCl contribute to ammonium accumulation in Spartina alterniflora?

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