AZO/Ag/AZO multilayers electrodes evaluated using a photonic flux density figure of merit for solar cells applications

Monolithic High Contrast Grating Integrated with Metal: Infrared Electrode with Exceptionally High Conductivity and Transmission

“…Among the various TCEs, $$\textup {Al}_2\textup {O}_3$$‐Cu:Ag‐ZnO [ 31 ] and Cu nanotrough networks [ 33 ] have exhibited the largest transmittivity to date, with their relative transmittance either slightly surpassing or approaching 100%. In terms of electrical properties, the lowest sheet resistance has been achieved by a Cu nanotrough network, [ 33 ] FTO, [ 12 ] dielectric‐metal‐dielectric electrodes composed of AZO‐Ag‐AZO, [ 27 ] and $$\textup {MoO}_3$$‐Ag‐$$\textup {MoO}_3$$. [ 28 ] These TCEs exhibit sheet resistances ranging from 2 to 6 Ω Sq −1 .…”

“…structures, [26][27][28][29][30][31] and metal networks. [32,33] Of these alternatives, metal nanowires and dielectric-metal-dielectric structures are the most promising, as they exhibit low sheet resistance below 10 Ω Sq −1 and above 90% absolute transmittance.…”

“…Other alternatives include ultrathin metals, [ 8–11 ] conductive polymers, [ 12–14 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 15,16 ] graphene‐based layers, [ 17–21 ] nanowires, [ 22–25 ] dielectric‐metal‐dielectric structures, [ 26–31 ] and metal networks. [ 32,33 ] Of these alternatives, metal nanowires and dielectric‐metal‐dielectric structures are the most promising, as they exhibit low sheet resistance below 10 Ω Sq −1 and above 90% absolute transmittance.…”

Introduction of a Novel Figure of Merit for the Assessment of Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Photovoltaics: Exact and Approximate Form

“…[ 1,2 ] Furthermore, adequate mechanical flexibility is shown by DMD structured electrodes owing to the good ductility of metals, which also enables the application of DMD electrodes in flexible optoelectronic devices. [ 69 ] Several TCEs based on DMD structure—ZnS/Cu:Ag/WO 3 , [ 70 ] AZO/Ag/AZO, [ 71 ] MoO 3 /Ag/MoO 3 , [ 72 ] ZnS/Cu/Ag/ZnS, [ 73 ] and AZO/AgNW/AZO/ZnO [ 74 ] electrodes were evaluated in this study.…”

Correlated effects of fluorine and hydrogen in fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature

“…In order to prove the interesting application of room temperature deposition of FTO on organic substrates, we have deposited these series on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrates. PET has excellent mechanical properties [26] for polymer solar cells [27] or resistive-type touch screen [28] so that the deposition of TCM films on organic substrates by using low temperature processes is a matter of active research [18,[29][30][31]. Fig.…”