Avoidance response acquisition and amobarbital dosage levels

Kamano, Dennis K.; Martin, Louis K.; Powell, Barbara J.

doi:10.1007/bf00453509

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The data confirm previous results with regard to the effects of amobarbital (Kamano, Martin, & Powell, 1966;Powell, Martin, & Kamano. 1965) and shock intensity in a two-way shuttlebox avoidance task (e.g., Johnson & Church.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The avoidance apparatus was a standard Miller-Mowrer jump box. The jump box, CS, and US are described in detail elsewhere (Kamano, Martin, & Powell, 1966).…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sa were assigned to either drug (30 mg/kgamobarbital) or placebo groups, and to either a 50, 150, 500, 1000, or 1500 flA shock (US) intensity condition. The drug dosage level was selected on the basis of prior results for its optimum enhancement of avoidance responding (Kamano, Martin, & Powell, 1966;Martin, Powell, & Kamano, 1966). The experimental design was a 2 by 5 factorial (Winer, 1962) with 15 Sa per cell.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate dosages of amobarbital sodium have been found to increase the number of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs) emitted during an avoidanceacquisition period (Kamano, Martin, & Powell, 1966;Powell, Martin, & Kamano, 1965), a result which the authors suggest as reflecting a diminution by the drug of a response tendency (freezing) which is incompatible with active avoidance responding. Specifically, amobarbital was seen as ''breaking up" freezing behavior (immobility accompanied by urination and defecation), thereby enabling the animal to emit an active, instrumental response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediation of shock and drug-produced effects on avoidance responding

Martin¹,

Powell²,

Kamano³

1967

Psychon Sci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The avoidance apparatus was a standard Miller-Mowrer jump box. The jump box, CS, and US are described in detail elsewhere (Kamano, Martin, & Powell, 1966).…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediation of shock and drug-produced effects on avoidance responding

Martin¹,

Powell²,

Kamano³

1967

Psychon Sci

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“…Investigators have invoked such explanations for the facilitative effects of amobarbital on shuttle box learn ing (10). It may be naive to assume that increased intertrial activity is the cause of improved avoidance learning, since Saxby and Musty (22) found increases in intertrial crossing rates but no facilitation of avoidance responding with A9-THC and The observed facilitation may be due to depletion of norepinephrine (NE), since Cooper et al (3) reported increases in avoidance responses and intertrial crossings when brain NE was preferentially decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Active Avoidance Acquisition and Passive Avoidance Retention in Rats with Amygdaloid Lesions

Pandina¹,

Musty²

1975

Pharmacology

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Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol was administered to rats with basolateral amygdaloid lesions, control rats, and normal rats in doses of 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg i.v. They were trained in a one-session two-way active avoidance task. Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol increased the percentage of avoidances and the intertrial crossing rates in all groups, regardless of lesion treatment. Rats with basolateral amygdaloid lesions were not different from controls on any measure. In a second experiment, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered to rats with basolateral amygdaloid lesions and control rats in doses of 0.75 and 3.0 mg/kg 24 h after learning of a one-trial passive avoidance task, and retention was measured. No differences were found as a function of drug treatment or lesion condition. It was concluded that the basolateral amygdala is not a necessary condition for the action of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol on active avoidance acquisition, that the drug has no effect on passive avoidance retention, and the basolateral amygdala is not necessary for two-way active avoidance acquisition or passive avoidance retention. Active avoidance results are discussed in terms of a possible relationship between Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol, ACTH, and avoidance learning.

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