Autoestima, insatisfação corporal e internalização do ideal de magreza influenciam os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares?

Abstract

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da autoestima, da insatisfação corporal e da internalização do ideal de magreza nos comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares de adolescentes do sexo feminino. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 471 jovens. Utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg, o Body Shape Questionnaire e o Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 para avaliar autoestima, insatisfação corporal e internalização do ideal de magreza, respectivamente. As subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test foram utilizadas para avaliar os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram influência dos escores do Body Shape Questionnaire (p<0,05) e da Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (p<0,05) em todas as subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test. Em contrapartida, os achados não demonstraram influência da Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg nos escores das subescalas do Eating Attitudes Test (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que a insatisfação corporal e a internalização do ideal de magreza influenciam os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em adolescentes do sexo feminino, fato que não foi evidenciado para a autoestima.

Fatores de risco para transtornos alimentares em graduandos de enfermagem

“…Nursing students, mostly females, were integrated into a context of strong social pressure, in which healthy habits and body appearance, within the society's standards, need to be maintained, (21) which makes them a risk group for the development of eating disorders. (17) The alterations found in risky eating behavior, and in regard to the preoccupation with body image, was also identified in studies conducted with university students of different courses; this was true not only in Brazil, (7,9,12,21,22) which highlights the importance of studies on risk factors for the development of eating disorders, especially in young girls and adolescents. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)17) The prevalence of these risk behaviors has increased in recent decades, which coincides with the emergence of new concepts of beauty that are being strongly disseminated by the media.…”

“…(17) The alterations found in risky eating behavior, and in regard to the preoccupation with body image, was also identified in studies conducted with university students of different courses; this was true not only in Brazil, (7,9,12,21,22) which highlights the importance of studies on risk factors for the development of eating disorders, especially in young girls and adolescents. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)17) The prevalence of these risk behaviors has increased in recent decades, which coincides with the emergence of new concepts of beauty that are being strongly disseminated by the media. 17,23) On the other hand, the same media that suggests "thinness" as the perfect beauty pattern, influences the intake of high-calorie foods, leading adolescents to adopt risk behaviors to fit the "right" standards and achieve the perfect pattern of beauty.…”

“…This was shown in a study with 471 adolescents, which identified 62.8% with low self-esteem, 23.2% preoccupied with body image, and 21.7% with risky eating behavior for developing eating disorders. (16,17) In the sample, 45.8% of the students presented some preoccupation with body image. These findings are similar, with the results of 47% of 300 students of a nutrition course in Brazil; they are higher than the result of a study conducted in Juiz No significant difference was identified between the scores on the instrument and the risk classification between the classes, but a simple positive correlation was found between the EAT and BSQ instruments (p<0.001), that is, the risk for eating behavior was present in 20 (66.7%) students of the 30 (100%) who presented risky eating behavior ( Table 1).…”

“…(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)17) The prevalence of these risk behaviors has increased in recent decades, which coincides with the emergence of new concepts of beauty that are being strongly disseminated by the media. 17,23) On the other hand, the same media that suggests "thinness" as the perfect beauty pattern, influences the intake of high-calorie foods, leading adolescents to adopt risk behaviors to fit the "right" standards and achieve the perfect pattern of beauty. (8) Body weight influences risk factors for eating disorders, and studies show that changes in BMI can generate dissatisfaction with body image, which is considered the main triggering agent for risk behavior related to eating disorders.…”

Uso de redes sociais, influência da mídia e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes brasileiras

“…Dunker et al 33 encontraram que houve influência do nível socioeconômico nas pontuações da SATAQ-3 entre adolescentes entre 15 e 18 anos; contudo, a classe social não influenciou nossos resultados. Já o estudo de Fortes et al 34 encontrou que 46,4% das adolescentes avaliadas demonstraram alta internalização do ideal de magreza. E Uchoa et al 35 identificaram que adolescentes de diferentes culturas e níveis socioeconômi-cos são influenciados pelos padrões de beleza estabelecidos pela mídia que podem ser determinantes para aumentar a insatisfação com o tamanho e/ou forma do corpo, levando-os a comportamentos não saudáveis visando alcançar a "beleza ideal".…”