Augmenting Self-Driving with Remote Control

Kang, Lei; Zhao, Wei; Qi, Bozhao; Banerjee, Suman

doi:10.1145/3177102.3177104

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Their measurements reveal a highly varying average latency of 121 ms and state that 3G connections may be sufficient for Teleoperated Driving. Kang et al [20] measured latency transmitting a video stream over LTE and experienced 100 ms of delay. Keon Jang et al [19] investigated the throughput of 3G and 3.5G while driving with cars and high speed trains.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Feasibility of Teleoperated Driving in Mobile Networks

Neumeier

Walelgne

Bajpai

et al. 2019

2019 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)

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Teleoperated Driving is the remote control driving of a vehicle by a human driver. The concept of Teleoperated Driving requires the use of mobile networks, which typically experience variable throughput, variable latency and uneven network coverage. To investigate whether Teleoperated Driving can be possible with contemporary mobile networks, we have conducted measurements while driving with vehicles in the real world. We used complementary measurement setups to obtain results that can be compared. The dataset consists of about 5200 km (4660 minutes) driving measurements. Results show that Teleoperated Driving could be possible, but the high variance of network parameters makes it difficult to use the system at all times. It appears that the speed of the vehicle and the distance to the base station may not influence Teleoperated Driving, while handover with changed radio technology, signal strength and distance to the teleoperation station may have an impact. Possible mitigations to overcome these problems along with a basic whitelisting approach is discussed.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with fully autonomous vehicles, there will be situations where a system can not handle a situation and human intervention is necessary, e.g. complex road side work [17] or other obstacles [20]. In such a scenario, the remote operator takes over control and operates the vehicle as long as required, typically covering short distances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Feasibility of Teleoperated Driving in Mobile Networks

Neumeier

Walelgne

Bajpai

et al. 2019

2019 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Risks posed by humans handing over and taking back control of Level 3 vehicles might suggest a move directly to Level 4 and particularly Level 5 vehicle is more likely, rather than incrementally moving through Level 3 (Eliot, 2017). Some have even proposed that 'on failure of the self-driving function in the vehicle, the system could return control to a remote human driver located in response centers distributed across the world' (Lei Kang, Zhao, Qi, & Banerjee, 2018).…”

Section: Part Ii: Vehicle Automation and Adasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law and tech collide: foreseeability, reasonableness and advanced driver assistance systems

Leiman

2020

Policy and Society

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Recently, many scholars have explored the legal challenges likely to be posed by introduction of automated and autonomous vehicles. Minimal attention has focused on the legal implications of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in vehicles already currently available. These can warn of external dangers, monitor driver behavior and control how a vehicle brakes, accelerates, maintains speed or position on the road. The dynamic driving task is no longer reliant simply on the physical interaction of human driver with that vehicle. Instead, the vehicle may act apart from human direction as it senses other objects in the immediate environment or monitors the human driver's behavior or biometrics. These technological tools, which reduce the opportunity for human error, can be described as augmenting human driving capacity. Increases in safety promised by ADAS, arguably already evidenced by data, may require a reassessment of the risks posed by 'un-augmented' human drivers, what is now foreseeable given the data generated by ADAS and wearable driver-monitoring technology, and whether 'un-augmented' driving is any longer a reasonable response to that risk.

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“…The exact variation depends on many factors, but field tests have shown average video streaming latencies of 121 ms (Chucholowski et al, 2014) and 205 ms (Shen et al, 2016) over 3G networks, and 183 ms over 4G networks (Shen et al, 2016). Two-way latency was measured over LTE networks at 75-83 ms (Dano, 2013) and about 100 ms (Kang et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Technical Feasibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-technological challenges for the remote operation of automated vehicles

Goodall

2020

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

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No existing automated vehicle can operate in all conditions and environments. In order to allow unmanned operation of automated vehicles in all conditions, many developers have the capability for human drivers to operate the vehicle from a remote location using wireless communication. This practice, referred to as remote operation or teleoperation, is prevalent among industry, yet has received little attention in the legal and transportation literature. This paper describes the legal environment for remote operation of vehicles, both in terms of existing motor vehicle codes and model legislation. The operational performance of remote operation is explored, and a model is developed to estimate the number of remote operators needed to manage large automated vehicle fleets using reasonable assumptions.

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Augmenting Self-Driving with Remote Control

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Measuring the Feasibility of Teleoperated Driving in Mobile Networks

Measuring the Feasibility of Teleoperated Driving in Mobile Networks

Law and tech collide: foreseeability, reasonableness and advanced driver assistance systems

Non-technological challenges for the remote operation of automated vehicles

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