Association of Vaspin with Metabolic Syndrome: The Pivotal Role of Insulin Resistance

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies evaluating the relationship between serum vaspin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded contrasting results. Additionally, contribution of general and abdominal obesity, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance to this relationship remains unknown.MethodsIn a cross-sectional setting, we investigated the association between vaspin and MetS in 145 subjects ranging from normoglycemia to type 2 diabetes. Vaspin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWomen had 29% higher vaspin concentrations compared with men. Subjects with MetS (51% of all participants) had higher vaspin concentrations (P=0.019 in women and P<0.001 in men). In logistic regression, vaspin significantly predicted raised fasting plasma glucose (P<0.001), and raised triglycerides (P<0.001) after controlling for age in both sexes. Moreover, vaspin was the significant predictor for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raised waist circumference in women and men, respectively. Considering MetS as a whole, vaspin predicted MetS even after adjustment for age, medications, diabetes, total cholesterol, and waist circumference in both sexes (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 11.05; P=0.011 for women; OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.78; P=0.012 for men). However, this relationship rendered nonsignificant after introducing homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women (P=0.089) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.073) or HOMA-IR in men (P=0.095).ConclusionVaspin is associated with some but not all components of MetS. Vaspin is a predictor of MetS as a single entity, independent of obesity. This relationship is largely ascribed to the effects of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.

Vaspin promotes insulin sensitivity in elderly muscle and is upregulated in obesity

“…Contrary to the above studies, we found no significant difference between serum vaspin concentration between males and females in either normal weight or obese individuals. Furthermore, and contrary to the findings of Esteghamati et al (2014) we did not find a significant correlation between BMI and vaspin levels in males. However, we did observe that serum vaspin in females significantly correlated with BMI.…”

“…These disparities may be a reflection of the relatively smaller sample size used in our study but also likely reflects differences between subject cohorts. For example, the male subjects studied by Youn et al (2008) had a mean age of 39 years, whilst both the male and female subjects studied by Esteghamati et al (2014) had a mean age of 49 years, considerably lower than the mean age of subjects in this study.…”

“…In individuals aged 17-79 it was found that serum vaspin was significantly higher in obese male subjects compared to lean male subjects, but was not significantly different between obese and lean females (Youn et al 2008). However, the study by Esteghamati et al found that serum vaspin levels positively correlated with BMI in both males and females (Esteghamati et al 2014). In addition, higher levels of serum vaspin were reported in females compared to males in individuals with normal glucose tolerance, but no gender difference was seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes (Youn et al 2008).…”

The levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin, omentin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the gingival crevicular fluid of obese patients following periodontal therapy

“…Changes in vaspin levels have been investigated in many diseases (38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Vaspin was associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic inflammation (39,43). In addition, the levels of vaspin elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke, but did not correlate with the severity of coronary stenosis (42).…”

Serum vaspin levels and vaspin mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Many researches have been devoted to vaspin since it was identified [6][7][8][9][10]. It is an adipokine which might be involved in glucose regulation by increasing the insulin sensitivity [11].…”