Assessment of the soil compaction of two ultisols caused by logging operations

Dias, Moacir de Souza; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; Santos, Nadívio Souza dos; Araújo-Junior, Cezar Francisco

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832008000600004

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This sort of farm machinery may cause changes in soil physical and mechanical properties, resulting in soil compaction and soil structure degradation (Dias Junior et al, 2005;Dias Junior et al, 2008;Ampoorter et al, 2010). Therefore, if both high yields and environmental preservation are aimed in forestry production, it is essential that soil structure remains in good conditions (Cambi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been used as an indicator of the soil mechanical strength and load bearing capacity to estimate more accurately the risk of soil compaction in various studies regarding forest harvest operations (Dias Junior et al, 2008Martins et al, 2013;Leite, 2010). Soil precompression stress and hence soil load bearing capacity decrease exponentially with increase in soil moisture (Lima et al, 2006;Mosaddeghi et al, 2006;Dias Junior et al, 2007;Ajayi et al, 2013); making these soil properties specially relevant in management strategies aiming to minimize the risk of additional soil compaction caused by traffic with farm machinery (Dias Junior et al, 2005;Pais et al, 2013;Severiano et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors affect soil compaction in eucalypt forests, such as soil type and soil horizon/layer ; climatic season and, also related, soil moisture (Dias Junior et al, 2005); machinery kind , 2005Lopes et al, 2015); traffic intensity (Dias Junior et al, 2008;Martins et al, 2013;Pezzoni Filho et al, 2014); machinery load Leite, 2011); and soil cover Leite, 2007Leite, , 2010Szymczak et al, 2014). It is, therefore, fundamental to understand how machinery traffic during harvest and logging operations in forestry production affects soil load bearing capacity and the occurrence of soil compaction, especially when mechanized operations are performed on excessively moist conditions (Dias Junior et al, 2005;Kamimura et al, 2012;Vischi Filho et al, 2015), aiming to adapt management practices in order to preserve soil structure and forests yield potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil compaction caused by harvest and logging operations in eucalyptus forests in coarse-textured soils from northeastern Brazil

et al. 2017

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Planted forests occupy more than 6.5 million ha in Brazil, where harvest and logging operations are performed with increasingly heavier machinery, increasing the risk of soil compaction. Soil compaction can be avoided if soil load bearing capacity is not exceeded, what makes it important to assess both the soil strength and the impact of different operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the load bearing capacity of some coarse textured soils (two Hapludult and one Haplorthod) in two soil horizons (BA and B), from northeastern Brazil; and to assess the impact of harvest and logging operations performed with harvester and forwarder. Although the Haplorthod presented higher load bearing capacity in both the BA horizon (for the whole moisture range) and the B horizon (for higher water contents), it suffered the greatest soil compaction. Traffic with the harvester resulted in soil compaction in both the BA and the B horizons, but the increase in bulk density was higher on the later, reaching 18.7% in the Haplorthod. The forwarder traffic intensity and the presence of plant residue cover significantly affected the occurrence of soil compaction. In the BA horizon, the increase in soil bulk density for different forwarder traffic intensities was 3 passes ~ 6 passes < 12 passes ~ 16 passes. The increase in bulk density was higher in the Haplorthod, reaching 32% after 16 forwarder passes over bare soil. Significant linear regressions were obtained from the number of forwarder passes and the increase in bulk density. Index terms:Harvester; forwarder; precompression stress; soil load bearing capacity. RESUMOAs florestas plantadas ocupam mais de 6,5 milhões de ha no Brasil, nas quais as operações de colheita e baldeio são realizadas com maquinário cada vez mais robusto, o que aumenta o risco de compactação do solo. A compactação do solo pode ser evitada se a sua capacidade de suporte de carga não for excedida, o que torna importante a avaliação tanto da resistência mecânica do solo quanto o impacto de diferentes operações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de suporte de carga de solos de textura grosseira (dois Hapludult e um Haplorthod) em dois horizontes (BA e B) do Nordeste do Brasil; além de avaliar o impacto das operações de colheita e baldeio de madeira realizadas com harvester e forwarder. Apesar de o Haplorthod ter apresentado a maior capacidade de suporte de carga no horizonte BA (para toda a faixa de umidade) e no horizonte B (para maiores umidades) ele foi a classe de solo que apresentou maior compactação. O tráfego com o harvester resultou em compactação tanto no horizonte BA quanto no B, mas o aumento da densidade do solo foi maior no último, chegando a 18,7% no Haplorthod. A intensidade de tráfego do forwarder e a presença de resíduos de plantas na superfície do solo afetaram significativamente a ocorrência de compactação do solo. No horizonte BA, o aumento da densidade do solo em decorrência da intensidade de tráfego do forwarder foi de 3 passadas ~ 6 passadas < 12 passadas ~ 1...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil compaction caused by harvest and logging operations in eucalyptus forests in coarse-textured soils from northeastern Brazil

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“…In recent years there has been a rapid expansion of mechanized silviculture and harvest operation in the forest sector and this has resulted in substantial increases in soil compaction (Wert & Thomas, 1981;Balbuena et al, 2000;Startsev & McNabb, 2000;Dias Junior et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2008). Given the short rotation period and high frequency of operations it can undermine the productivity of the stands in a near future, especially in eucalypt plantations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Silva¹,

Silva

Barros

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYThe use of machinery in agricultural and forest management activities frequently increases soil compaction, resulting in greater soil density and microporosity, which in turn reduces hydraulic conductivity and O 2 and CO 2 diffusion rates, among other negative effects. Thus, soil compaction has the potential to affect soil microbial activity and the processes involved in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. This study was carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the effect of soil compaction on microbial activity and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization. Two Oxisols with different mineralogy were utilized: a clayey oxidic-gibbsitic Typic Acrustox and a clayey kaolinitic Xantic Haplustox (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo ácrico -LVA, and Latossolo Amarelo distrófico -LA, respectively, in the Brazil Soil Classification System). Eight treatments (compaction levels) were assessed for each soil type in a complete block design, with six repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of PVC rings (height 6 cm, internal diameter 4.55 cm, volume 97.6 cm 3 ). The PVC rings were filled with enough soil mass to reach a final density of 1.05 and 1.10 kg dm -3 , respectively, in the LVA and LA. Then the soil samples were wetted (0.20 kg kg -1 = 80 % of field capacity) and compacted by a hydraulic press at pressures of 0, 60, 120, 240, 360, 540, 720 and 900 kPa. After soil compression the new bulk density was calculated according to the new volume occupied by the soil. Subsequently each PVC ring was placed within a 1 L plastic pot which was then tightly closed. The soils were incubated under aerobic conditions for 35 days and the basal respiration rate (CO 2 -C production) was estimated in the last two weeks. After the incubation period, the following soil chemical and microbiological properties were --N in the LA and CO 2 -C in the LVA. It also decreased the C MIC at higher compaction levels in the LA. Thus, soil compaction decreases the TOC turnover probably due to increased physical protection of soil organic matter and lower aerobic microbial activity. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that under controlled conditions, the oxidic-gibbsitic Oxisol (LVA) was more susceptible to the effects of high compaction than the kaolinitic (LA) as far as organic matter cycling is concerned; and compaction pressures above 540 kPa reduced the total and organic nitrogen in the kaolinitic soil (LA), which was attributed to gaseous N losses.Index terms: soil bulk density, carbon mineralization, net N mineralization, microbial biomass carbon. de 0, 60, 120, 240, 360, 540, 720 (COT), RESUMO: EFEITO DA COMPACTAÇÃO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE MICROBIANA E TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO CARBONO E NITROGÊNIO EM DOIS LATOSSOLOS COM DISTINTAS MINERALOGIAS A mecanização em atividades agrícolas e florestais tem incrementado a compactação do solo, o que resulta no aumento da densidade e microporosidade, bem como na redução da condutividade hidráulica e das taxas de difusão de O 2 e CO 2 , entre outros efeitos negativos. Assim, a compac...

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“…Most of these studies have been premised on the investigation of the indexes of structural sustainability or degradation. Some land use and soil management system have been reported to cause significant increase in bulk density and mechanical strength of soils (Taylor, 1971;Glab & Kulig, 2008;Abid & Lal, 2008;Severiano et al, 2008); decrease in total porosity, pore size and continuity of pores in soils (Glab & Kulig, 2008;Severiano et al, 2008), reduction in soil's nutrient absorption, infiltration and redistribution of water (Arvidsson, 2001;Ishaq et al, 2001;Lipiec et al, 2006), reduction of hydraulic conductivity (Arvidsson, 2001;Silva et al, 2006), reduction of gas exchange (Gysi, 2001) and increase in the soil's load bearing capacity and compactibility Silva et al, 2007;Araujo Junior et al, 2008;Dias Junior et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural sustainability of cambisol under different land use system

Martins¹,

Dias²,

Ajayi

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYIncongruous management techniques have been associated with some significant loss of agricultural land to degradation in many parts of the world. Land degradation results in the alteration of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, thereby posing a serious threat to sustainable agricultural development. In this study, our objective is to evaluate the changes in a Cambisol structure under six land use systems using the load bearing capacity model. Sampling was conducted in Amazonas Region, Brazil, in the following land use: a) young secondary forest; b) old secondary forest; c) forest; d) pasture; e) cropping, and f) agroforestry. To obtain the load bearing capacity models the undisturbed soil samples were collected in those land use systems and subjected to the uniaxial compression test. These models were used to evaluate which land use system preserved or degraded the Cambisol structure. The results of the bulk density and total porosity of the soil samples were not adequate to quantify structural degradation in Cambisol. Using the forest topsoil level (0-0.03 m) as a reference, it was observed that pasture land use system was most severe in the degradation of the soil structure while the structure were most preserved under old secondary forest, cropping system and forest. At the subsoil level (0.10-0.13 m depth), the soil structure was most degraded in the cropping land use system while it was most preserved in young secondary forest and pasture. At the 0.20-0.23 m depth, soil structure degradation was most severe in the old secondary forest system and well preserved in young secondary forest, cropping and agroforestry.Index terms: structure degradation, bulk density, precompression stress, Amazonas.(

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Assessment of the soil compaction of two ultisols caused by logging operations

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Soil compaction caused by harvest and logging operations in eucalyptus forests in coarse-textured soils from northeastern Brazil

Soil compaction caused by harvest and logging operations in eucalyptus forests in coarse-textured soils from northeastern Brazil

Effect of compaction on microbial activity and carbon and nitrogen transformations in two oxisols with different mineralogy

Structural sustainability of cambisol under different land use system

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