Arsenic speciation in environmental multimedia samples from the Youngsan River Estuary, Korea: A comparison between freshwater and saltwater

Biotransformation of dietary inorganic arsenic in a freshwater fish Carassius auratus and the unique association between arsenic dimethylation and oxidative damage

“…(https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/index.html). The release of As into aquatic environment, as a result of the mining, smelting of metals, and the burning of fossil fuels, has led to high levels of As in sediments (Hong et al, 2018;Pedlar et al, 2002). The As in sediments is biologically available to benthic fish through diet.…”

“…The As in sediments is biologically available to benthic fish through diet. It has been reported that, As bioaccumulation in benthic fish was positively correlated with As concentration in sediments, however, with no significant association with the soluble As in water (Hong et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). Although an important way of As uptake by benthic fish is dietary, the majority of researches on As toxicity and metabolism in fish have investigated the effects associated with uptake of waterborne As across the gills.…”

Zn, Co, Cr, As, and genotoxic effects in the ichthyofauna species from polluted and non-polluted/protected estuaries of the São Paulo coast, Brazil

“…the total arsenic content found in fish species from areas with the highest salinity (e.g., Santos Bay and the CAN estuary) may be associated with salinity. Despite the fact that not all chemical species are toxic, it is important to consider the influence of salinity under Arsenic chemical speciation, once the profile of arsenic transfer related to salinity is already reported in the literature for other aquatic organisms (Zhang et al 2018, Hong et al 2018, Kalantzi et al 2017 and may be explained by the osmoregulation of aquatic organisms exposed to differential haline conditions. In the presence of salts from marine waters, many elements are incorporated into cells after being transported from the water.…”

“…Arsenic is significant in terms of food safety because very high concentrations can be found in fish and other seafood. However, the most toxic form, inorganic arsenic, is only usually found in very low concentrations in fish (Julshamn et al 2012, Hong et al 2018, Zhang et al 2018. Arsenobetaine, which is the predominating form of arsenic accumulating in seafood, is not considered toxic at all.…”

The dynamic effects of different inorganic arsenic species in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) liver during chronic dietborne exposure: Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and oxidative stress

“…The surface sediment can be passively ingested by fish, especially the demersal species. It has been found that the As concentration in demersal fish was positively associated with the As concentration in surface sediment, rather than the concentration of soluble As in water, suggesting that dietborne exposure would be even more influential than waterborne exposure for As accumulation in demersal fish (Hong et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). Assessing risks from As exposure for demersal fish will be incomplete without consideration of the dietborne exposure in cases of As contamination in sediment.…”