“…Characterizing the toxicity for non-target organisms and the potential risk of Bronopol and Detarox® AP in aquatic environments is of pivotal importance to preserve the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes constitute a key defense pathway against the oxidative pressure driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic models (Semedo et al, 2012;Magara et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2020;Dörr et al, 2020;Elia et al, 2019Elia et al, , 2020Pastorino et al, 2020;Stara et al, 2020). Moreover, the potential risk in aquatic environments is a crucial factor in determining the eco-sustainability of any substance, especially when information on their presence in the environment is lack, as for Bronopol and Detarox® AP.…”