Aqua mediated indium(III) chloride catalyzed synthesis of fused pyrimidines and pyrazoles

Synthetic Approaches to Small- and Medium-Size Aza-Heterocycles in Aqueous Media

“…Recently, a similar study has also been carried out by Yang and coworkers to obtain dihydropyridines [89]. The utilization of water as a solvent and indium(III) chloride as a promoter for the formation of dihydropyridine ring is reported by Khurana and coworkers in the reaction of with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil, aldehydes, and 1,3-diketones [91]. The utilization of water as a solvent and indium(III) chloride as a promoter for the formation of dihydropyridine ring is reported by Khurana and coworkers in the reaction of with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil, aldehydes, and 1,3-diketones [91].…”

Recent Developments in the MCRs Synthesis of Pyridopyrimidines and Spiro‐Pyridopyrimidines

“…Khurana et al synthesized pyrimido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines 45 via condensation of aldehydes, 1,3‐indandione, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4(1 H ,3 H )‐dione catalyzed by indium trichloride in water under reflux in high yields (Scheme ). To explore the suitable reaction conditions, the reaction was performed in the presence of various catalysts such as NaBr, LiBr, AlCl 3 , InCl 3 , CeCl 3 , and TMSCl in water under reflux.…”

PEG1000-Based Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Aryl-3-Methyl-1-Phenyl-1H-Benzo[h]pyrazolo [3,4-b]quinoline-5,10-Diones via Multicomponent Reactions

“…However, most of the reported methods require prolonged reaction time, reagents in stoichiometric amount, toxic solvents, and generate moderate yields of the product. Recently, Wu et al [7][8][9] and Khurana et al [10] reported a new route for preparation of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[h]pyrazolo [3,4-b]quinoline-5,10-diones by the one-pot condensation reaction of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions [7] or water as solvent [8,9].…”