Applying Co₃O₄@nanoporous Carbon to Nonenzymatic Glucose Biofuel Cell and Biosensor

Abstract

A novel hierarchically nanoporous carbon (NPC) derived from Al‐based porous coordination polymer is prepared by two‐step carbonization method for immobilization of the Co3O4 in the application of the nonenzymatic biofuel cells and biosensors. The structure and morphology are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) is to characterize the porous nature of the NPC, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is to characterize the composition of Co3O4@nanoporous carbon (Co3O4@NPC). Without collapse in the high carbonization temperature (above 1600 °C), the NPC maintains the nanoporous structure and high specific surface area of 1551.2 m2 g−1. In addition, the NPC is composited with Co3O4 by hydrothermal method to form the Co3O4@NPC. When tested as the nonenzymatic electrocatalyst for glucose oxidation reaction (GOR), the Co3O4@NPC exhibits higher response to glucose, in which the current shifts up by 64 %, than pure Co3O4 in 0.1 M KOH. The limit of detection is 0.005 mM (S/N=3) and response time is within 3 s. The detection range can be divided into two sections of 0.02–1.4 mM and 1.4–10.7 mM with the sensitivity of 249.1 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 66.6 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively. A glucose fuel cell is constructed with the Co3O4@NPC as the anode and Pt/C catalyst as the cathode. The open‐circuit potential of the nonenzymatic glucose/O2 fuel cell was 0.68 V, with a maximum power density of 0.52 mW cm−2 at 0.27 V. This work may contribute to exploring other nanoporous carbons for application in glucose fuel cells and biosensors.

Single-unit-cell-thick layered electrocatalysts: from synthesis to application

“…5a reveals that partial interconnecting NPCoO-UCSs stand on the Ti foil, which generated considerable lateral surfaces and many nanopores, and the HR-TEM image shows 0.2 nm interplanar spacing, which belongs to (004) plane of Co 3 O 4 . 73 As seen in Fig. 5b, AFM image measurement shows that the heights of NPCoO-UCSs (0.84 AE 0.03 nm) are very close to that of single-unit-cell-thick (0.81 nm).…”

Learning from Nature: Constructing a Smart Bionic Structure for High‐Performance Glucose Sensing in Human Serums

“…In particular, the sensitivity value is not only superior to that of the binary counterparts (442.2 and 1052.6 µA mm −1 cm −2 for the NiF@GNSs and NiF@Co 3 O 4 NGs, respectively), but also even one to two orders of magnitude higher than the data of other ever reported non-enzymatic sensors for glucose detection (Table 1). [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] The increase of glucose concentrations causes the decline in the slope of fitting plots since the surface-controlled electrochemical oxidation of glucose is affected by the glucose concentration and the active sites on the surface of catalysts. As the glucose concentration rises, the number of available surface-active sites reduces and thus the increase in rate of currents slows down.…”

MOF‐Derived Spinel NiCo2O4 Hollow Nanocages for the Construction of Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

“…The tiny redox peaks located at approximately 0.28 V and 0.23 V may be assigned to the redox process of Co(II)/Co(III), while the larger ones at 0.53 V and 0.52 V to the redox process of Co(III)/Co(IV). From the picture, one can tell that the former redox couple shows scarcely catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation whereas the latter one does . By comparison, it seems that the black plot (without glucose) of the NiCo 2 O 4 /GCE exhibits only a couple of peaks sited at 0.45 V and 0.37 V (Figure d), of which the mechanism is considered to be a little more complicated than pure Co 3 O 4 or NiO alone in that two metal species with different valent states in NiCo 2 O 4 are involved in the redox process simultaneously.…”