Learning from Nature: Constructing a Smart Bionic Structure for High‐Performance Glucose Sensing in Human Serums

Abstract

Traditional noble metal-based catalysts for glucose sensing usually suffer from easy deactivation by halides and weak sensing properties. To unravel these limits, herein, a novel nature-inspired design concept (mimicking a "rock-soil-grass" geotexture system) is purposed to build a free-standing hierarchical micro-nano architecture. Thanks to the design (rigid and conductive Ni foam) ("rock", underlayer, rough and highly disordered graphene nanosheets (GNSs) ("soil", middle-layer), and strong catalytic activity of multiscale grass-like Co 3 O 4 ("grass", top-layer), the bionic structure achieves ultra-high sensitivity, a low limit of detection (120 × 10 −9 m), an extremely short response time, broad linear ranges (two stages: 1-10 000 and 10 000-30 040 µm), good anti-Cl − -poisoning and anti-interference properties, and long-term stability. Besides the structural design, the "gotong-royong" effects (the strong interface coupling and charge transfer between GNSs and Co 3 O 4 and energetically favorable glucose adsorption on Co 3 O 4 ) also contribute to the high sensing properties, as verified by kinetic studies and density functional theory simulation. To determine human blood glucose levels, the self-made glucometer with the self-developed software demonstrates an ultra-high recovery rate (99.0-100.9%), validating the potential for highperformance blood-glucose sensing.

A forest geotexture-inspired ZnO@Ni/Co layered double hydroxide-based device with superior electrochromic and energy storage performance

“…Oliver et al reported that the Cu 2 O template could be spontaneously etched during the synthetic procedure to react with the added tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and tetrabutylammonium tetrauoroborate to form HKUST-1 MOF lms. 28 Inspired by the intelligent natural geotexture of forests predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or seeding in the soil covered on the underground rock, and their fascinating synergistic effects in ion transport, 29 herein, we demonstrate an effective strategy to construct three-dimensional (3D) ZnO@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-derived ZnO@Ni/Co-LDH lms for high-performance EC energy storage devices for the rst time. Glass substrates coated with transparent and electrically conducting layers of uorine doped tin oxide (FTO) were used to simulate the soil-rock structure to supply abundant growth sites and adhesive force for active materials to the substrate.…”

Glucose Biosensors Based on Pinecone-Shaped Au and Ni Nanoparticle Composite Microelectrodes

“…3 What is more, diabetes can induce a variety of chronic complications, such as blindness, coronary heart disease, kidney failure, and others. 1,4,5 Therefore, scientists paid increasing attention to developing accurate, rapid, and reliable measurements of blood glucose for clinical diagnosis and biomedical application.…”

“…14 However, the high cost or complex immobilization techniques limit their development. 5 In contrast, inorganic catalysts can electro- catalyze glucose directly on nonenzymatic surfaces, so the nonenzyme sensor can be reused and stored for a long time. 15 Thus, more and more reports discussed the research of nonenzymatic sensors.…”

“…Especially, diabetes, caused by high blood glucose, has become a global health problem and more than 463 million people suffer from the disease in the world . What is more, diabetes can induce a variety of chronic complications, such as blindness, coronary heart disease, kidney failure, and others. ,, Therefore, scientists paid increasing attention to developing accurate, rapid, and reliable measurements of blood glucose for clinical diagnosis and biomedical application.…”

“…However, they are susceptible to temperature, humidity, pH, and other external environmental factors, leading to their limited life. , Many methods have also been used to reduce environmental effects on biological enzymes, such as encapsulating enzymes in situ in DNA hydrogel . However, the high cost or complex immobilization techniques limit their development . In contrast, inorganic catalysts can electrocatalyze glucose directly on nonenzymatic surfaces, so the nonenzyme sensor can be reused and stored for a long time .…”