Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Glucose Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It contains mainly cellulose from which glucose can be derived to serve as raw materials for valuable chemicals such as succinic acid. A three-level Box-Behnken design combined with the canonical and ridge analysis was employed to optimize the process parameters for glucose production from OPEFB cellulose using enzymatic hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment was used to extract cellulose from OPEFB using ethanol and water as the solvents. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolysis parameters including amount of enzyme, amount of cellulose, and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis and found that more than 97% of the variations could be predicted by the models. Using the ridge analysis, the optimal conditions reaction time found for the production of glucose was 76 hours and 30 min, whereas the optimum amount of enzyme and cellulose was 0.5 mL and 0.9 g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the corresponding response value predicted for glucose concentration was 169.34 g/L, which was confirmed by validation experiments.

Modified leaf biomass for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution: Application of response surface methodology

“…According to the model, the predicted response at the stationary point (X 1 = 0.24, X 2 = 1.03 and X 3 = 319.0 shown in Table 5) was 5.15 mg/L. The three Eigen values had different signs, indicating that the stationary point for this model was a saddle point as shown in Table 6, as similarly reported by Pasma et al, 2013. Therefore, the estimated surface did not have a unique optimum and ridge analysis was performed to determine the optimum.…”

Optimization of Process Variables in the Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst

“…However, citric acid conversion and the TBC yield changed slightly when the catalyst amount was further increased. This phenomenon might be caused by the limitation of the chemical reaction equilibrium, as reported in literature [31]. Considering citric acid conversion, the TBC yield, 3.4.…”

“…Response surface methodology (RSM) is a frequently used mathematical method which can be applied to find the optimum reaction conditions by investigating the relationships between explanatory and response variables [30][31][32]. Therefore, in the present work, a polymer-supported Brønsted acidic IL catalyst, [BsPVPP]HSO 4 , was applied in the preparation of TBC by the esterification of n-butanol with citric acid for the first time.…”

Formulation and Optimization of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Valsartan by Using Box-Behnken Design

“…In order to elucidate the effect of preparation conditions on dependent variables such as encapsulation efficiency, Q1h, t90% and mucoadhesion, the Box-Behnken design was used with the three factors selected and their respective thee levels (low, medium and high). To evaluate the response variables, a second-order polynomial model was utilized: [22]. The selection of independent and dependent variables and their levels are given in table 1.…”