Optimization of Process Variables in the Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst

Abstract

A polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-(PVPP-) supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst ([BsPVPP]HSO 4 ) was synthesized by the reaction between SO 3 H-functionalized PVPP and H 2 SO 4 . The prepared catalyst was characterized by IR, XRD, FESEM, TG, and DSC. The catalytic activity of [BsPVPP]HSO 4 in the preparation of tributyl citrate (TBC) by the esterification reaction between citric acid and n-butanol was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process variables of the esterification reaction. The variables, including the reaction time, the n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio, the reaction temperature, and the catalyst amount, were optimized by a Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, with a n-butanolto-citric acid mole ratio of 5.2 : 1 and a reaction temperature of 120°C, the TBC yield reached 92.9% within 5.5 h in the presence of 6.6 wt% of catalyst; this result is in good agreement with the values predicted by the mathematical model. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled four times with high catalytic activity.

Developments of biobased plasticizers for compostable polymers in the green packaging applications: A review

“…In contrast, using heterogeneous catalysts as good alternative, which offer high catalytic efficiency, and less corrosive activity as ion exchange resins 57 . Wang et al 60 developed an eco‐friendly heterogenous catalyst which is easy to separate with high catalytic activity for the synthesis of TBC. At optimized conditions, 92.9% yield of TBC was obtained within 5.5 h by using 6.6 wt% of the catalyst.…”

Recent Advances in Conversion of Glycerol: A Byproduct of Biodiesel Production to Glycerol Carbonate

“…One of the regular public wastes is diaper waste-about 6% of municipal waste in some nations comprised of diaper waste [104]. More and more emphasis has recently been devoted to manufacture catalysts employing polymer materials [105]. Tus, Wang et al [106] used polymeric and diaper waste as feedstock to prepare a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst (MHC).…”

Water‐Doped Brønsted Acidic Protic Ionic Liquids for Enhanced Tributyl Citrate Synthesis in a Two‐Phase Esterification System

“…[39][40][41] Moreover, TBC is useful as a solvent in the manufacturing of inks and coatings. [42] Tributyl citrate is typically synthesized via esterification of citric acid with 1butanol (BuOH) in the presence of a catalyst commonly sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, [43,44] ion-exchange resin [45][46][47] and supported [48][49][50] or solid acids. [51] Once the reaction is complete, the TBC is typically purified by distillation to remove any remaining water and unreacted starting materials.…”