Application of a nonlinear optimization tool to balance diets with constant metabolizability

Jardim, Júlia Gazzoni; Vieira, Ricardo Augusto Mendonça; Fernandes, Alberto Magno; Araújo, Raphael Pavesi; Glória, Leonardo Siqueira; Júnior, Nardele Moreno Rohem; Rocha, Norberto Silva; Abreu, Matheus Lima Corrêa

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.09.012

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The separation of the rumen-fill effect of each fraction (D and I) according to Waldo et al (1972), allows for a combined evaluation of the interaction effects of the passage and digestion kinetics on the fiber filling effect at the rumen compartment (Van Soest, 1994;Vieira et al, 2000a,b). Besides, other important quantitative variables in the feeds can be estimated, such as the energy availability and daily amount of metabolizable protein, which enables the prediction of animal performance based on known dietary inputs (Vieira et al, 2000c;Jardim et al, 2013;Jardim et al, 2015;Higgs et al, 2015). In the present study (Table 4), the average RF(I) was approximately 32% greater than RF(D), a situation that was also observed by Vieira et al (2000b) based on extrusa samples taken from a tropical grassland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Kinetics of digestion of low-quality forage grazed by beef cattle fed supplements containing increasing levels of rumen undegradable protein

et al. 2016

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-This experiment was conducted to evaluate the degradation kinetics and microbial efficiency of beef cattle grazing on low-quality forage and receiving supplements with different levels of rumen undegradable protein (RUP). The animals grazed on palisade grass pasture solely or this pasture and supplement containing 40 or 60 g of RUP per 100 g of crude protein (CP). The degradation profiles of neutral detergent fiber, fiber carbohydrates, and neutral detergent insoluble protein were interpreted kinetically by using a decreasing logistic model. Treatments (no supplement, or RUP at 40 or 60 g −1 100 g CP) did not affect rumen fill; however, the increase in the indigestible fiber carbohydrate fraction that occurred at the expense of the digestible fiber carbohydrate fraction resulted in a greater rumen fill effect. The palisade grass showed a significant proportion of its nitrogen in the form of slowly degradable protein as neutral detergent insoluble protein, which amounted to 26 g per 100 g CP. Supplementation with 40 g of RUP per 100 g CP decresead the indigestible fraction of the low-quality forage. However, the absence of a rumen-fill effect demonstrates that the additional supply of nutrients contributes greatly to increasing growth efficiency and use of the available energy from the forage by the ruminal microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Kinetics of digestion of low-quality forage grazed by beef cattle fed supplements containing increasing levels of rumen undegradable protein

et al. 2016

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“…Corn silage is the most used roughage in intensive production systems and the reduction of its fiber digestibility decreases the availability of digestible and metabolizable energy of this forage source (Jardim et al, 2013;2015), which implies a reduction in the daily weight gain of the animal. Nevertheless, we did not consider this variable, because short periods of evaluation hamper inferences on weight gain (Eaton et al, 1959), as those short periods of the Latin square design.…”

Section: Table 3 -P-values Of the Model Effects As Latin Square (Ls)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradability and kinetics of fibrous particles in cattle fed diets based on corn silage and concentrates with or without addition of lipids

et al. 2016

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-Eight rumen-cannulated steers were assigned to two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares to evaluate degradability and kinetics of fiber particles from diets based on corn silage and supplements with or without addition of lipids. Dietary treatments were: only corn silage (T1), corn silage plus concentrate with no added lipids (T2), corn silage plus concentrate with added soybean oil (T3), and corn silage plus concentrate containing ground soybean seeds (T4). Kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of fibrous particles was evaluated based on chromium-mordanted fiber. Events of rumen degradation dynamics of fibrous carbohydrates were quantified using the in situ incubation procedure. The mixed models methodology from SAS was used to fit models and the Tukey test was used to compare means. The ruminal digestibility of fiber was lower in treatments T3 and T4 and, consequently, lower proportions of potentially digestible fraction of standardized fiber and higher proportions of indigestible fraction of standardized fiber for treatments T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2 were observed. However, there were no differences in mean retention time of the rumen, total mean retention time, mean digestion time, and rumen fill among diets. Animals from T2, T3, and T4 showed higher dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and crude protein intake rates than animals receiving T1 diet, but there was no effect of the addition of lipid. Treatments did not differ regarding neutral detergent fiber intake. Animals from T1 had lower crude fat intake than animals from T2, which showed lower crude fat intake than those from T3 and T4. The addition of lipid to concentrate has no effect on passage rate, digestion rate, and intake, when a good quality roughage is used.

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“…These models are based on the evaluated substrate and on the ruminal digestion kinetics to estimate the availability of nutrients (carbohydrates and proteins) for the microbial growth (Abreu et al, 2014). The optimization of diets for ruminants has been widely investigated, especially concerning their ability to ingest and consume fiber (Vieira et al, 2008a;Jardim et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of transit and degradation of the fiber from guinea grass silages enriched with waste from soybean pre-cleaning

et al. 2015

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-The objective was to study the kinetics of transit and degradation of the fiber from guinea grass and the waste from soybean pre-cleaning (WSPC), ensiled with different proportions of mass (0, 100, 150, and 200 g WSPC/kg total mass). Four crossbred (Gyr × Holstein), fistulated cattle with an average body mass of 400±50 kg were organized in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. The fiber utilized in the study of the transit kinetics was stained with chromium mordant, whereas the in situ technique was adopted for the degradation kinetics. The level of inclusion of WSPC only affected the true digestibility and the mean retention time. The addition of waste from soybean pre-cleaning to the silage of guinea grass is beneficial, in terms of kinetics of digestion and passage, at up to levels close to 100 g/kg, because after this quantity the fiber digestion and passage in and through the reticulo-rumen are impaired and there may be alterations in the ruminal environment that will affect the use of silage by animals.

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Application of a nonlinear optimization tool to balance diets with constant metabolizability

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Kinetics of digestion of low-quality forage grazed by beef cattle fed supplements containing increasing levels of rumen undegradable protein

Kinetics of digestion of low-quality forage grazed by beef cattle fed supplements containing increasing levels of rumen undegradable protein

Degradability and kinetics of fibrous particles in cattle fed diets based on corn silage and concentrates with or without addition of lipids

Kinetics of transit and degradation of the fiber from guinea grass silages enriched with waste from soybean pre-cleaning

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