Antioxidant activity, anti-proliferative activity, and amino acid profiles of ethanolic extracts of edible mushrooms

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Biological activities of various mushrooms have recently been discovered, particularly, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Herein, three edible mushrooms, Auricularia auricula-judae (AA), Pleurotus abalonus (PA) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (PS) extracted using Soxhlet ethanol extraction were evaluated for their antioxidative, anti-proliferative effects on leukemia cells. Using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, phenolics and antioxidant activity were found in all sample mushrooms. Additionally, anti-proliferative activity of mushroom extracts against U937 leukemia cells was determined using a viability assay based on mitochondrial activity. PA (0.5 mg/mL) and AA (0.25-0.5 mg/mL) significantly reduced cell viability. Interestingly, PS caused a hormeticlike biphasic dose-response. Low doses (0-0.25 mg/L) of PS promoted cell proliferation up to 140% relative to control, whereas higher doses (0.50 mg/mL) inhibited cell proliferation. Against U937 cells, AA IC 50 was 0.28 ± 0.04 mg/mL, which was lower than PS or PA IC 50 (0.45 ± 0.01 and 0.49 ± 0.001 mg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage conferred cytotoxicity. PS and PA were not toxic to U937 cells at any tested concentration; AA (0.50 mg/mL) showed high LDH levels and caused 50% cytotoxicity. Additionally, UPLC-HRMS data indicated several phytochemicals known to support functional activities as either antioxidant or anti-proliferative. Glutamic acid was uniquely found in ethanolic extracts of AA, and was considered an anti-cancer amino acid with potent anti-proliferative effects on U937 cells. Collectively, all mushroom extracts exhibited antioxidant effects, but their anti-proliferative effects were dose-dependent. Nevertheless, the AA extract, with highest potency, is a promising candidate for future applications.

Toxicological evaluation of submerged liquid culture from Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium on human blood cells: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage

“…Similarly, LDH leakage demonstrated that PC exhibited cytotoxic effects on human blood cells at the mentioned doses. P. abalonus (500 µg /ml) and Auricularia auricula-judae (250-500 µg/ml) reduced cell viability [29]. Our results showed that the cytotoxic effect of hot water extract from mycelia of PC is in good agreement with mentioned studies.…”

Multifunctions of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer: A highly nutritious food and a source for bioactive compounds

“…Furthermore, the extract did not reveal toxicity for non-tumour cells (primary PLP2), up to the maximal concentration tested (400 μg/ml). Some studies have also demonstrated that PSC methanolic extract had effects on U937 (Panthong, Boonsathorn, & Chuchawankul, 2016) and sarcoma 180 (Assis et al, 2013).…”

Estimation of Protein and Productive Efficiency Profile of Locally Produced Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Broiler

“…(31.56 ± 1.58 mg/g). Proline amino acid was observed in minimum amount among all extracts as discussed by (64) (65). Their occurrence in low concentration is might be due to their non-essential nature.…”