Toxicological evaluation of submerged liquid culture from Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium on human blood cells: cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage

Abstract

Abstract:Mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive antioxidant secondary metabolites including ectins, polysaccharides, pigments, phenolic compounds, sterols and terpenes. Extracellular and intracellular compounds produced by submerged liquid fermentation are important industrially and economically. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) is the model white-rot fungus that easy cultivation on lignocellulose-containing substrates. PC can be used as a bioprotein source. Aims of this study were to determine the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hot water extract obtained from PC on human peripheral blood monunuclear cells (hPBMCs). Cytotoxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakeage assay and neutral red (NR). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were detected to determine the oxidative damage. Genotoxicity was characterized by micronuclei and chromosome aberrations assays for specify DNA damage. PC (5-75 µg/ml) significantly increased antioxidant capacity and these doses did not cause any significant alterations to cytotoxicity on hPBMCs. The elavated doses of PC (5-250 µg/ml) did not cause increase in genotoxic. Whereas, 250 and 500 µg/ml doses of PC statistically increased TOS levels, NR uptake, LDH release, CA/cell frequency and MN formation however decreased TAC levels. This study is the first time on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage of PC on hPBMCs. In conclusion, the consumption of PC can be safe for humans, but it has also exposure period and dose-dependent effects on inducing oxidative damage and toxicity on hPBMCs.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Assessment of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Lactate on Human Blood and Lymphocyte Cells

“…The separated blood samples were taken in the process for XTT and LDH experiments. Separation of human blood lymphocyte cultures from hWB with Histopaque (v/v) reagent and establishment of in vitro cultures was done according to the method presented by Geyikoglu et al [8]. The time between blood collections and establishing the cultures was less than 3 h.…”

“…The surveying of TAS can reverberate the antioxidative potential of the serum. Considering that there is a special relationship between oxidative metabolism and the effects of the applied substance, it is important to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity [8]. An automated colorimetric measurement method developed and used in many different studies provides a complete assessment for measuring TOS [9].…”