Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the resistance to antimicrobials of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from patients wearing complete dentures, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, and periodontally health subjects. Material and methodsThree hundred and four isolates were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were evaluated through the agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar. ResultsThe most active antimicrobial drugs were the carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), and resistance to these drugs was restrict to 1.6-2.3% of the isolates, as well as ciprofloxacin and rifampin. Microbial resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cephalothin, amikacin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was particularly high. In most cases, the resistance to β-lactams was mediated by the production of hydrolytic enzymes, especially in gram-negative enteric rods, while enterococci did not evidence production of these enzymes. The association amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was not effective in 28.3% of the tested isolates. ConclusionsThe results of this investigation confirmed that the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and gingivitis, and particularly edentulous patients wearing complete dentures, could harbor microorganisms with several antimicrobial resistance markers, and these microorganisms are frequently implicated in multiresistant, systemic, oral or nosocomial infections.

Incidence of Broad Spectrum Resistance in E .coli Isolated from Zoborodo sold in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria

“…Surveillance data show that resistance in E. coli is consistently highest for antimicrobial agents that have been in use for a long time in human and veterinary medicine (Tadesse et al, 2012). Gaetti-Jardim et al (2010) also states that resistance to tetracycline could be related to its extensive use in medicine, veterinary and dentistry. High percentage of broad resistance (92%) [Fig.…”

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DD2 against oral pathogens

“…We also compared the growth characteristics of each strain under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to evaluate their survivability in an experimental oral environment [19]. The test strains were diluted in sterilized 0.9% saline and spread onto two MRS agar plates that were aerobically or anaerobically incubated at 37°C for 48 h. At the end of incubation, the number and diameter of the colonies on the two plates were compared.…”

Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

“…Consequently, intrinsic resistance is due to lack of metabolic processes and is also observed amongst oral microbes [38,148]. For example, Actinomyces species, Streptococcus species, and A. actinomycetemcomitans lack nitroreductase enzyme which is necessary to convert metronidazole to its active metabolites.…”