Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Yadav, Khushbu; Prakash, Satyam

doi:10.4172/2476-213x.1000118

Cited by 88 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Pembentukan karies gigi didukung oleh faktor-faktor seperti host (anatomi gigi dan posisi), substrat dan bakteri. 11 Adanya komponen alat ortodontik yang melekat pada permukaan gigi seperti bracket, archwire, dan elastic membuat area retensi baru yang dapat meningkatkan akumulasi bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang merupakan strain bakteri penyebab utama karies gigi. 12,13 Xylitol dapat mencegah terjadinya karies gigi, karena xylitol merupakan gula alkohol yang tidak dapat difermentasi oleh Streptococcus mutans sehingga tidak dihasilkan asam yang dapat menyebabkan demineralisasi enamel.…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

“…Mengonsumsi permen karet xylitol setelah makan dapat mengurangi keasaman rongga mulut karena dapat menstimulasi aliran saliva sehingga dapat mengatasi penurunan pH yang terjadi setelah makan. 11 hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Hanno et al pada tahun 2011 menyatakan pemberian permen karet xylitol yang dikunyah minimal selama 5 menit setelah makan dapat menghambat demineralisasi enamel dan mengurangi jumlah Streptococcus mutans. 7,8,10 Mekanisme xylitol dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans yaitu xylitol berpenetrasi kedalam sel bakteri Streptococcus mutans melalui fructosephosphotransferase system (fructose-PTS).…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

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Pengaruh permen karet xylitol terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekatEffect of xylitol gum on Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users

Monica

Susiana

Widura

2018

JKG

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Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri utama penyebab terjadinya karies gigi, terutama pada pengguna alat ortodontik dimana terdapat komponen yang melekat pada permukaan gigi seperti bracket, archwire dan elastics yang menimbulkan daerah retensi baru bagi bakteri sehingga akumulasinya semakin meningkat. Salah satu alternatif pencegahan karies gigi adalah dengan menggunakan agen antibakterial. Xylitol adalah gula alkohol yang merupakan salah satu antibakterial yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans melalui pengeluaran metabolit toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh permen karet yang mengandung xylitol terhadap pengurangan jumlah bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental semu yang dilakukan pada 14 orang mahasiswa pre-klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Kristen Maranatha yang menggunakan alat ortodontik cekat. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mengonsumsi permen karet xylitol dan kelompok yang mengonsumsi permen karet nonxylitol. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji beda sampel bebas. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji parametrik pada dua sampel bebas. Kedua kelompok penelitian mengalami penurunan jumlah bakteri Streptococcus mutans, namun penurunan jumlah bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada kelompok permen karet xylitol lebih tinggi yaitu 414.038 CFU/mL (47,12%) sedangkan kelompok permen karet non-xylitol lebih rendah yaitu 65.816 CFU/mL (8,21%). Nilai p value yang diperoleh sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05). Simpulan: Konsumsi permen karet yang mengandung xylitol dapat mengurangi kolonisasi bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekat. Kata kunci: Karies gigi, Streptococcus mutans, ortodontik cekat, xylitol Effect of xylitol gum on Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users ABSTRACT Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is the main bacteria of dental caries, especially in fixed orthodontics appliance users, where the orthodontic components like bracket, archwire, and elastics, attached to the tooth surface that generate new retention area thus increases bacterial accumulation. One of the alternative to prevent dental caries is by using antibacterial agents. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with an antibacterial effect that can inhibit the development of Streptococcus mutans through toxic production metabolism. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of xylitol chewing gum on reducing the amount of Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted towards as much as 14 pre-clinic dental students of Maranatha Christian University with a fixed orthodontic appliance. The subjects were divided into two groups, one group of xylitol chewing gum and another group of non-xylitol chewing gum. The results obtained were then analysed with the parametric test on two independent samples. Results: The amount of Streptococcus mutans were decreasing on both groups, b...

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Section: Metodeunclassified

Pengaruh permen karet xylitol terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekatEffect of xylitol gum on Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users

Monica

Susiana

Widura

2018

JKG

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“…The cloves are highly antiseptic 15 , antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, antithrombotic, anti-parasitic 16 , antibacterial 17 , antifungal 18 and antiviral 19 . Bud oil of clove has natural behavior and the main properties include antioxidant, insecticidal, antifungal and antibacterial properties 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste for Treatment of Oral Disease

Shukla¹,

Kumari²

2019

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Streptococcus mutans is the most common cause of tooth decay. Parabens and other commonly used as anti-Streptococcus agents in toothpaste industry have numerous side effects such as discoloration of teeth. The herbal extract of all three plants gives antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and prevent and reducing the tooth decay, dental caries and given to freshness of mouth. The aim of present work was development and evaluation of herbal antimicrobial toothpaste containing Bark of Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu and flower buds of syzygium aromaticum as herbal ingredients. Different types of formulations (F1-F6) were formulated using calcium carbonate as abrasive and Glycerine as humectant in varied concentrations. All the formulations were evaluated for various parameters like dryness, color, appearance, consistency, washability, pH, spreadability and foaming power. Polyherbal toothpaste containing hydroalcoholic extract of plants was tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans with different concentrations of toothpaste were used (25, 50and 100 mg/ml). Among the tested bacteria used Staphylococcus aureus was found to be most sensitive to the formulated toothpaste as seen by zone of inhibition (19-24 mm) followed by Streptococcus mutans (13-18 mm). The results showed that the formulated polyherbal toothpaste is promising antimicrobial effects against both organisms. It may be safer compared to fully synthetic toothpaste. Further studies are warranted to prove safety and efficacy of the formulated polyherbal toothpaste. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu, syzygium aromaticum, polyherbal toothpaste

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“…Dental caries is a global health problem that affects human beings of different age groups. 13 Moreover, it has been suggested in recent years that oral bacteria associated to dental caries have some links with many systemic diseases such as pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. 14,15 Many synthesized antimicrobials, such as ampicillin, chlorhexidine, sanguinarine, metronidazole and phenolic and quaternary ammonium antiseptics, have been very effective in preventing tooth decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

et al. 2018

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The essential oil (EO) of the flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fatty acids were the most abundant class of compounds in the EO, followed by long-chain alkanes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (39.43 %), (E)-nerolidol (10.51 %), triacontane (9.08 %), heptacosane (5.49 %) and linalool (3.23 %). The antimicrobial activity of the EO was evaluated against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria and some yeasts by broth microdilution method. The EO inhibited the growth of all tested oral bacteria, showing strong activity against S. sanguinis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg mL -1 . Considerable antibacterial activity was also observed for the anaerobes Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces naeslundii with MIC of 50 μg mL -1 . The EO of B. campestris flower showed moderate activity for S. mutans, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum with MICs ranging between 200 and 400 μg mL -1 . The antifungal activity was evaluated against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The MIC results were above 3000 μg mL -1 , indicating inactivity against these yeasts. This study revealed that the OE of B. campestris flowers has promising antibacterial activity and this is the first report on its chemical composition and antimicrobial activity Resumo O óleo essencial (EO) das flores de Banisteriopsis campestris foi analisado por CG e GC-EM. Os ácidos graxos foram a classe de compostos mais abundantes no OE, seguidos por alcanos de cadeia longa, sesquiterpenos oxigenados e monoterpenos oxigenados. Os principais constituintes foram ácido palmítico (39,43 %), (E)-nerolidol (10,51 %), triacontano (9,08 %), heptacosano (5,49 %) e linalol (3,23 %). A atividade antimicrobiana do EO foi avaliada contra bactérias bucais aeróbias e anaeróbias e algumas espécies de Candida pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. O EO inibiu o crescimento de todas as bactérias bucais testadas, apresentando forte atividade contra a bactéria aeróbia S. sanguinis com concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de 25 µg.mL -1 . Considerável atividade antibacteriana foi também observada para as bactérias anaeróbias Porphyromonas gingivalis e Actinomyces naeslundii com CIM de 50 µg.mL -1 . O EO da flor de B. campestris mostrou moderada atividade para S. mutans, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans e Fusobacterium nucleatum com concentrações inibitórias minimas entre 200 e 400 µg.mL -1 . A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada contra C. albicans, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata. Os resultados de MIC estiveram acima de 3.000 µg.mL -1 , indicando inatividade contra estas leveduras. Este estudo revelou que o OE das flores

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Dental Caries: A Microbiological Approach

Cited by 88 publications

References 84 publications

<p>Pengaruh permen karet xylitol terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekat</p><p>Effect of xylitol gum on Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users</p>

<p>Pengaruh permen karet xylitol terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada pengguna alat ortodontik cekat</p><p>Effect of xylitol gum on Streptococcus mutans of fixed orthodontic appliance users</p>

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste for Treatment of Oral Disease

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

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