Antimicrobial activity from leaf, flower, stem, and root of Clitoria ternatea – A review

Abstract

Abstract. Many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi contribute to the major human illness in which it can consequently lead to mortality. Normally, the infectious diseases such as chicken pox, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) are the most common diseases occurring in today's world. Due to that, authorities and scientists have been trying to develop effective drugs to cure these infectious diseases. Many countries have been thrived to look for alternatives to plant sources as natural remedies. Moreover, the possibility of using natural plant extracts in the development of drugs has greater potential as it is considered safe for human after prolonged treatments. Malaysia possesses rich biodiversity in flora and fauna due to its tropical climate throughout the year and houses many medicinal plants. Clitoria ternatea is also known as butterfly pea flower in which is native to tropical Asian countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. C. ternatea possesses vibrant blue flowers and has antimicrobial properties that are beneficial to human health. All parts of C. ternatea have a potential of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila. Therefore, this paper will review C. ternatea as an antimicrobial agent against selected microorganisms using its leaf, flower, stem, and root.

Review of Jatwadi Dhoom Agad as a proposed fumigation product for mosquito repellent and antimicrobial action

“…Tannins, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Resins, Steroids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenols (Manjula et al, 2013) Antimicrobial (Jamil and Pa'ee, 2018), Larvicidal (Mathew et al, 2009) 2015. The chemical agents used for this can be harmful to humans also.…”

Butterfly Pea (<i>Clitoria ternatea</i> L.: Fabaceae) and Its Morphological Variations in Bali

“…Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a perennial herbaceous creeping plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. This plant is mainly distributed in a tropical region that requires high light intensity and is relatively persistent with abiotic stress (Jamil et al 2018;Oguis et al 2019). As a typical legume plant, its roots form nodules that play a major role in nitrogen fixation in soil and act as a natural fertilizer in agricultural land (Oguis et al 2019).…”

“…Butterfly pea was first cultivated as an ornamental plant and then shifted as fodder for cattle Copyright: © 2021, J. Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology (CC BY-SA 4.0) because of its high protein content (Mahmad et al 2016;Jamil et al 2018;Oguis et al 2019). As fodder, butterfly pea is also used as a short to middle pasture plant (Hall 1985;Mahmad et al 2016) with high-quality nutrition for cattle and other ruminant livestock (Abreu et al 2014).…”

“…Anthocyanin is not the only antioxidant compound in butterfly pea, it also contains other powerful antioxidants, such as flavonoid, phenolic acid, procyanidin, and flavonol glycoside (Jamil et al 2018). Although it is popular for its antioxidant content, butterfly pea also contains many bioactive compounds, such as tannin, resin, steroid, saponin, triterpenoid, and xanthene (Manjula et al 2013).…”

Green-based Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity

“…The Clitoria ternatea is a long-used traditional medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and known under the common name Butterfly pea. Clitoria ternatea has been used to treat several diseases such as diabetics, cancer, inflammation fever, skin diseases, eye and throat infection, liver disease and urinary disorder [21]. The flower extract of Clitoria ternatea contains valuable bioactive compounds such as anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and glycosides that have the ability to act as a good antimicrobial agent and can be employed as a capping and reducing agent for the formation of ZnO NPs [22].…”