Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is an important perennial herbaceous plant with a range of uses as ornamental plants, fodder crops, medicine, and sources of natural food colorant and antioxidants. The leaves and pods are commonly used as a source of protein in fodder, while the flowers are usually dried and processed as a high antioxidant-containing tea. The blue variant of butterfly pea was the most commonly used variety, although there are quite diverse butterfly pea varieties. The present study aimed to observe the morphological variations among the 26 butterfly pea accessions that originated from a wide range of areas in Bali. The explorative method was used to obtain diverse specimens (accessions) of butterfly pea in Bali, and subsequently, morphological characterization of the accessions was performed. The primary data of morphological traits that were recorded included stems, leaves, flower structures, flower colors, pods, and seeds. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the morphological variations between accessions. The results showed three major morphological variations: (i) the colour of the flower (corolla), (ii) the corolla structure, and (iii) the stamen structure. The colour of corolla has four variations: white, mauve, light blue, and dark blue; while the corolla structure has two variations: normal and multiple layered corollas. The stamen character showed a correlation with the structure of the corolla. The normal corolla has diadelphous stamens, while the multiple layered corollas have solitary stamens. These morphological variations are the genetic richness of Indonesia’s biodiversity and should be protected and conserved.
White cattle Taro is a Bali native germplasm that must be preserved in accordancewith the mandate of the Millennium Development Goals to reduce the rate of loss ofbiodiversity as a valuable genetic resources. At this time, the population of White cattleTaro is 34 heads, which the conditions still cause for concern because of the increasingpressure of various factors. When the white cattle graze in their natural habitat (forestTaro) White cattle Taro to reach a population of 150 animals (2001). Pressure againstwhite cow increasingly widespread because the land is narrow and increasing the amountof forage that should be provided in rotation by traditional society village of Taro. Tarovillage located in District Tegallalang, close to Districts Payangan Gianyar regency. Twodistricts are developing leading commodity Bali cattle. While White cattle Taro also requiresthe availability of forage species are the same as Bali cattle. The results showed that carryingcapacity of forage for White cattle Taro started to decline so that the necessary strategicapproach to the conservation of taro white cattle in order to accelerate the achievement ofthe millennium development. Such efforts are: 1) improving the efficiency of forageproduction 2) optimizing the utilization of forage 3) optimization of land use and cultivationof superior feed and 4) technological capacity building of local feed plant.
Waste is one source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that has methane gas form which caused an early multi-dimensional, massive and complex problems. The rapid increase of garbage volume entering landfill, annually result a high garbage dumps in the Suwung Landfill area. It should have been considered a handing solution for example by converting the methane gas content in the waste into a useful value added product. The objective of this research is determining the amount of electrical energy that can be produced through methane gas emission at Suwung Landfill. The characteristic and composition of waste could give effect to the formation of methane emissions. The research on the composition and characteristic of waste were done by sorting 1 m3 of garbage sample from new garbage entering landfill. Garbage is divided based on the source of DLHK waste, market waste, and private waste. The volume of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 calculated 1.296.438 m3 which was dominated by organic waste (78,1%). The density of the waste that went into Suwung Landfill, based on the research's results, amounted to 135,09 kg / m3, there fore could be assumed that the weight of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 was 175.135,81 tons. Based on these data, the number of 136.785,13 tons of waste, which was organic waste, could increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere if this situation does not manage properly. Gravimeter method is using for measures the dry matter content value of waste. From the measurement, the results obtained the waste components that have the highest dry matter content is from rubber and leather garbage (76,52%) while the lowest dry matter is food waste (19,13%). By using calculations based on IPCC 2006, it was found that the amount of methane emissions could be generated by the waste at the Suwung Landfill in 2016, amounted to 3.535,06 tons. Based on the energy equivalence table, the electrical power that is generated from the potential methane emissions at the Suwung Landfill is 6,66 MW. Keywords: waste composition, waste characteristics, methane emissions, ipcc2006, electrical power.
ABSTRAKIdentifikasi tumbuhan pakan potensial dari berbagai sumberdaya hayati tumbuhan pakan telah menjadi kebutuhan vital dalam rangka peningkatan produksi hijauan pakan. Sebuah penelitian telah dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi produksi hijauan Mikania cordata dan potensi pengembangannya sebagai tumbuhan pakan ternak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu survei langsung di lapangan terhadap keberadaan Mikania cordata di seluruh kabupaten di Bali. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa produksi Mikania cordata adalah sebesar 840 kg ha -1 dengan kadar air yang cukup tinggi. Mikania sangat mudah menyebar dan sangat menyukai naungan serta dapat tumbuh baik pada lahan tanpa nanungan. Hampir di semua kabupaten di Bali dapat dijumpai tanaman Mikania. Mikania telah banyak dimanfaatkan peternak sebagai pakan yang dicampur dengan berbagai rumput lokal. Disimpulkan bahwa Mikania cordata sangat potensial sebagai sumber hijauan pakan, mudah dikembangkan dalam berbagi pola integrasi tanaman dan produksinya tinggi. Kata kunci: Mikania cordata, identifikasi, dan produksi hijauanABSTRACT Identification of potential forage variety from various biological resources of forages has become a vital need in order to increase forage production. A study has been carried out aimed to finding out the potential forage production of Mikania cordata and its development potential as tropical forage. The research method used is a field survey of the presence of Mikania cordata in all regencies in Bali. The survey results show that the production of Mikania cordata is 840 kg ha -1 with a high water content. Mikania is very easy to spread and is very fond of shade and can grow well on non-humid land. Almost all districts in Bali can find Mikania plants. Mikania has been widely used by farmers as feed mixed with various local grasses. It was concluded that Mikania cordata is very potential as a source of forage feed, easily developed in sharing patterns of crop integration and high production.
Abstract. Heryani LGSS, Wandia IN, Suarna IW, Puja IK, Susari NNW, Agustina KK. 2019. Short Communication: Molecular characteristic of taro white cattle based on DNA microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 20: 671-675. This research was conducted to assess and characterize the genetics of Taro White cattle. Genetic characterizations of this cattle are essential to conservation and breeding program. A total of 18 samples and 4 pairs of microsatellite DNA markers (BM2113, BM1824, INRA023, and ETH225) were amplified by PCR and the products were run on 8% bis-Acrylamide gels. All microsatellite markers were successfully amplified with a mean allelic number of 3.25. Means of observed and expected heterozygosity were found to be 0,25 and 0,628. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values ranged from 0.448 (BM1824) to 0.627 (BM2113) and fixation index were 0.620. The deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed that Taro White cattle population exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and possessed a possibility of inbreeding. The microsatellite loci used or focused in the present study further validate their use for evaluation of genetic diversity of Taro White
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