Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potency ofSolanum torvumSwartz. leaf extract: isolation and identification of compound active against mycotoxigenic strains ofAspergillus flavusandFusarium verticillioides

Abstract

Control of mycotoxigenic fungi requires compounds that able to inhibit both fungal growth and mycotoxin production. The antimycotoxigenic potential of torvoside K of S. torvum is described in this study for the first time. The results indicate the possible use of S. torvum as source of antifungal agents against postharvest fungal infestation of food commodities and mycotoxin contaminations.

The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review

“…Torvosides N ( 8 ) and M ( 23 ) revealed significant cytotoxicity against MGC-803, HepG2, A549 and MCF-7 as compared to the positive control, CDDP [316]. Torvosides J-L ( 95 – 97 ), isolated from the leaves of S. torvum , exhibited substantial anticonvulsant activity in zebrafish seizure assays [323], while 96 also showed considerable antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides with MIC ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg/mL [318]. Compounds 99 and 100 inhibited both inflammatory mediators SAG (IC 50 = 3.49 and 2.87 μM) and elastase release (IC 50 = 2.69 and 0.66 μM) [331], while 123 – 125 convinced cytotoxicities against melanoma A375 [317].…”

Anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of endophytic Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.: molecular characterisation and bioactive compound isolation

“…In order to test the anti-microbial activity of EA and PC, following microbes were used: seven bacterial species, viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis; two yeast species, viz., Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans; and 15 species of fungi, viz., Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria geophila, Aspergillus flavus (aflatoxigenic strain), Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus terreus, Curvularia tetramera, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium lateritium, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium udum, Fusarium verticillioides (fumonisinogenic strain), Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium expansum. The collection centres and sources of these isolates have been described earlier (Thippeswamy et al 2014;Abhishek et al 2015). The cultures, grown for 24 h, 48 h and 7 days for bacteria, yeast and fungi, respectively, were used for the assay.…”

“…The in vitro anti-aflatoxin B 1 and anti-fumonisin B 1 activities of EA and PC were determined following the procedure of Abhishek et al (2015). Briefly, 100 µL of spore suspension (10 4 CFU/mL) of a toxigenic strain (A. flavus) was inoculated into the SMKYB, and F. verticillioides was inoculated into the SDA containing the requisite amount of EA and PC (50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL), and incubated at 28°C for 10 days.…”

“…The xerophilic filamentous fungi belong to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. They are predominantly associated with food-and feed stuffs during pre-and post-harvest and storage, and make them unfit for human consumption by destroying the nutritive values due to the synthesis of mycotoxins (Lutfullah et al 2012;Abhishek et al 2015). The most important groups of mycotoxins that are a major threat to human and animal health, and occur quite often in foodstuffs are aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) produced by toxigenic strains of A. flavus and F. verticillioides, respectively (Garcia et al 2012;Mohana et al 2016).…”

Antifungal, anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of South African medicinal plants against mycotoxigenic fungi

“…However, the organic extracts from Solanum panduriforme exhibited the overall MIC value of 0.05 mg/mL against the selected fungal strains at 48 hr incubation time. Recently, some authors reported the antimyco-toxigenic potential of isolated compounds such as torvoside K from Solanum species against both Aspergillus and Furasium species yielding MIC values ranging from 33.4 to 37.4 μg/mL [39] .…”