Antifungal Activity of Some Plant Extracts against (Colletotrichum Musae) the Cause of Postharvest Banana Anthracnose

Abstract

Materials and Methods Experimental materialsFresh leaves of 21 plant species were collected from local sources. The identity of these plant species was confirmed at Haramaya University Herbarium where voucher specimens are deposited. The plants included Acacia albida, A. seyal Isolation of the pathogen and inoculum preparationBanana fruits showing anthracnose disease symptoms were collected and used for isolation of Colletotrichum musae. Pure culture was maintained on PDA medium. Inoculum was prepared by dislodging the surface of 10 days old culture with sterile distilled water and adjusted to 105 ml -1 using a hemacytometer. Extraction of plant samplesExtraction was done using methanol and water. The methanolic extracts were used for preliminary screening of the plant specimens for their potency against the fungal pathogen, while aqueous extracts were used for further testing. Fifty gram of powdered samples of each of the plant specimens was extracted with 250 ml solvent (methanol or water). The methanolic and aqueous extracts were filtered and reduced to dryness on rotary evaporator under vacuum at 40°C and 60°C water bath temperatures, respectively [8,9]. The extract of each plant was weighed, re-dissolved and then tested for antifungal activities. In vitro assay of plant extractsPaper disc method: The method as described by [9] was used. AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of extracts of some plant species against Colletotrichum musae. Methanolic extracts of 21 plant species were screened for their inhibitory effect against C. musae using paper disc method and spore germination assay. Among them, extract of Prosopis juliflora exhibited superior antifungal activity (30.7 mm), followed by Acacia albida (19 mm) as compared to nill in the control. On the other hand, carbendazim, which was used as a standard chemical check, demonstrated by far the highest inhibition zone of 51.7 mm diameter. Extracts from A. albida, Dovalis abyssinica and P. juliflora reduced conidial germination to 0.2, 0.5 and 0.3%, respectively, which didn't vary statistically from 1.2% in Carbendazim. Six plant species, viz., A. albida, Azadirachta indica, Argemone mexicana, D. abyssinica, P. juliflora and Vernonia amygdalina, that showed high to moderate antifungal activity in the preliminary screening, were further tested for their thermal stability at 60°C and for the efficacy of their aqueous extracts against C. musae. Extracts of the tested plant species were found to be heat stable and aqueous extracts of A. albida showed the highest antifungal activity (18 mm), followed by P. juliflora (12.3 mm). Further studies need to be undertaken to isolate the active compounds from those extracts with fungicidal potential.

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