Salmea scandens (Asteraceae) extracts inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani pathogens of tomato

Abstract


 Tomatoes are affected by fungi of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria, reducing the quantity and quality of the fruit.Since plant extracts are an alternative for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, the antifungal effect of Salmea scandens extracts was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani and the functional groups of the chemical constituents were identified.The aqueous extracts were obtained by three techniques (soxhlet, assisted ultrasound and maceration) and three solvents (water, acetone and ethyl ether), these were evaluated against F. oxysporum in poisoned medium and A. solani in tomato fruit. The functional groups were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The best extraction technique for S. scandenswas soxhlet with all three solvents. Maceration-acetone extracts at concentrations of 4000 and 5000 ppm showed increased antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and A. solani. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and aromatic compounds as the possible responsible for the antifungal activity.S. scandensextracts have a high potential to be used as a preventive treatment in the control of F. oxysporum and A. solani.
 Highlights
 
 The highest mass/volume extraction efficiency yield was with the soxhlet technique using water as a solvent.
 Extracts obtained by maceration-acetone technique, caused the strongest Fusarium oxysporum inhibition.
 The maceration-acetone extract at 5000 ppm, showed higher inhibition of A. solani mycelial growth than the commercial fungicide Hymexazol.

Agricultural Genetic Resources as a Source of Resilience in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Mexico

“…In addition, most of the compounds obtained from plants are biodegradable, safe, and do not represent a risk for ecosystems or human health (Celis et al, 2008;Nava-Pérez et al, 2010). In México, several studies have been focused on the control of plant pests and diseases; Salmea scandens extracts to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani of tomato (Salas-Marina et al, 2021), extracts of Larrea tridentata and Hymenoclea monogyra control F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici in basil (Holguín-Peña et al, 2021), extracts of Baccharis salicifolia and Lepidium virginicum as herbicides on tomato cultivation (Miranda-Arámbula et al, 2021), the acaricide activity of Lippia berlandieri and Azadirachta indica (Ruiz-Jimenez et al, 2021), among others.…”