Antifungal activity of compounds from the stems of Dalbergia stipulacea against Pythium insidiosum

Abstract

Two new compounds, dalpulanone (1) and 2-hydroxyisomucronustyrene (2), were isolated from the stems of Dalbergia stipulacea. Fourteen known compounds (3-16) were also isolated. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

“…The commercial E-test (bioM erieux, France) or MIC Test Strip (Liofilchem, Italy) can replace the drug-containing disk, and MIC is read from the provided scale [79,88]. Some natural compounds have been evaluated for their anti-P. insidiosum activities, using the agar diffusion method [96,97,98,99,100,101,110,111]. A hyphal agar plug (1 Â 1 cm in size) is placed in the center of an SDA plate and inoculated at room temperature.…”

“…For instance, isomicromelin, micromarin B, 7-methoxy-8-(4 0 -methyl-3 0 -furanyl) coumarin, and secomicromelin were derived from Micromelum falcatum fruit and at the concentration of 0.20-0.22 mM, showed P. insidiosum- [100]. The vestilol, trihydroxy chalcone, dihydromaackiain, mucronulatol, dalpulanone, and duartin extracted from Dalbergia stipulacea stem (concentration: 1,000 μg/ml) showed 9.8, 5.1, 7.7, 6.6, 6.7, and 4.2 mm inhibition zones against P. insidiosum, respectively [99].…”

“…For the hyphal plug, P. insidiosum is grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) at 37 C for five days [69,82]. An agar plug (5 mm in diameter) is excised from the edge of an actively-growing colony and used as inoculum in the radial growth method [69,82,87], the agar diffusion method [96,97,98,99,100,101], or the broth microdilution method [100,101,102,103,104].…”

Dalpulapans A–E from the roots of Dalbergia stipulacea

“…H and13 C NMR data for compounds 1-5 in CDCl 3 (d in ppm) H 3.99 (t, J ¼ 10 4. Hz, H-2b) correlated with carbon at d C 70.1 in the HMQC data.…”

“…2,3 Antifungal activity against Pythium insidiosum, a fungus-like microorganism for which at present there is no effective agent for treatment, was evaluated and shows interesting results. 4 Further investigation of compounds from the roots of this plant and testing for cytotoxicity against A549 (lung cancer cells), HeLa (cervical cancer cells) and Vero cells (kidney of African green monkey cells; normal cells) was made. In this work, ve new compounds (dalpulapans 1-5) and seven known compounds were reported.…”