A new coumarin, scataccanol (1) and 10 known compounds were isolated from the fruits of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. All compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against Pythium insidiosum. Compounds 5 and 7 showed strong antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 5 and 10 μg/mL, respectively. Structural determination of all compounds was accomplished by 1D and 2D-NMR, IR and MS.

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Two new compounds, dalpulanone (1) and 2-hydroxyisomucronustyrene (2), were isolated from the stems of Dalbergia stipulacea. Fourteen known compounds (3-16) were also isolated. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using

A new diarylhexane, kneglobularone B (1) and two new diarylpropanols, kneglobularols AB (23) along with seven known compounds (410) were isolated and characterized from the roots of Knema globularia. It is the first time to find arylpropyl quinone (4) and isoflavone (8) in Myristicaceae family. In addition, 5 was found for the first time in Knema genus. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compound 4 exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the NCIH187 and MCF7 cell lines with IC 50 values of 3.08 and 6.68 µg/mL, respectively.

Five new compounds, including pteroloterins A-C (1, 3, and 4), 1β-acetoxytaepeenin C (2), and 8aα-hydroxycadinenal (5), and 11 known compounds were isolated from the root bark of Pterolobium macropterum. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Compound 9 showed weak cytotoxicity against the KKU-M139 cell line with an IC50 value of 23.24 ± 0.18 μM and showed no activity against normal cells.

Two new compounds, derrivanone (1) and derrischalcone (2), were isolated from the crude hexane extract of the fruits of Derris indica. In addition, 14 known compounds were isolated from the fruits of this plant. Chalcones 2-4 showed strong cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma cell line (M156) and human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In addition, flavanones 15 and 16 exhibited potent and high cytotoxic efficacy.

Four new acylphloroglucinol derivatives 1, 3, 5 and 13 were isolated from the fruits of Horsfieldia irya, and in addition, thirteen known compounds were also discovered. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HeLa and HCT116 cell lines, as well as normal cells (Vero cells). Compound 13 showed cytotoxicity against HeLa and HCT116 cell lines with IC 50 values of 4.53 ± 0.05 and 4.53 ± 0.16 g/mL, respectively, and showed less activity against normal cells (IC 50 = 13.38 ± 0.75 g/mL). Compound 13 may be useful for the development of anticancer agents. It was found that decanoyl side chain may be necessary for the cytotoxicity. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS and IR data.

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