Antibiotic Use in Animals—Policies and Control Measures Around Europe

Sandérs, Pascal

doi:10.1007/0-387-22852-7_33

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Antibacterials are among the most-used drugs in veterinary medicine (Sanders, 2005). The principal reasons behind the control of infectious diseases in hatcheries are to prevent losses in production; to prevent the introduction of pathogens to new facilities when eggs, fry, or broodstock are moved; to prevent the spread of disease to wild fish via the hatchery effluent or when hatchery fish are released or stocked out; and to prevent the amplification of pathogens already endemic in a watershed (Phillips et al, 2004;Winton, 2001;Lupin, 2009).…”

Section: Antibacterial Use In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal reasons behind the control of infectious diseases in hatcheries are to prevent losses in production; to prevent the introduction of pathogens to new facilities when eggs, fry, or broodstock are moved; to prevent the spread of disease to wild fish via the hatchery effluent or when hatchery fish are released or stocked out; and to prevent the amplification of pathogens already endemic in a watershed (Phillips et al, 2004;Winton, 2001;Lupin, 2009). Antibacterial usage requires veterinary prescription in aquaculture as with usage in terrestrial animals (Sanders, 2005;Prescott, 2008;Rodgers & Furones, 2009). We have limited data about antibacterial use in world aquaculture.…”

Section: Antibacterial Use In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The user safety data included on labelling and packaging inserts should provide sufficient information for such occupational safety assessments to be made (Alderman & Hastings, 2009). Before approval, drugs are assessed for the definition of their maximum residue limits (MRLs) ( Table 7), and their environmental impact and efficacy (Sanders, 2005). MRLs are generated by a number of bodies, such as the EU, and more globally within the framework of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, which is advised scientifically by the JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).…”

Section: Legal Use Of Antibacterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The body that is responsible for the authorization procedure in the EU is the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) and the European Commission, or else the national competent authorities in the EU Member States (depending on the procedure chosen for the marketing authorisation application). The EMEA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) carries out the scientific evaluation (Sanders, 2005;Prescott, 2008;Valois et al, 2008;Alderman, 2009). Compared to agricultural use and medicinal use, the market for aquaculture antibacterials is fairly small and the approval process can be expensive.…”

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appropriate use of antibacterials in livestock production will preserve the long-term efficacy of existing antibacterials, support animal health and welfare, and limit the risk factors of transferring antibacterial resistance to animals and humans (Kemper, 2008). Whatever is done, the competent surveillance of disease and antibacterial resistance, as well as the repeated refinement of risk analyses, are a necessity if we are to concentrate our efforts to limit the effects of antibacterial resistance on what is shown to work in practice (Phillips et al, 2004;Sanders, 2005). In general, the emergence of resistance to antibacterials is a highly complex process, which is not yet fully understood with respect to the significance of the interaction of bacterial populations and antibacterials, even in a medicinal environment (Kümmerer, 2010).…”

Section: Resistance Of Aquatic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Sekkin¹,

Kum²

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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The world keeps changing. There are always risks associated with change. To make careful risk assessment it is always needed to re-evaluate the information according to new findings in research. Scientific knowledge is essential in determining the strategy for fish farming. This information should be updated and brought into line with the required conditions of the farm. Therefore, books are one of the indispensable tools for following the results in research and sources to draw information from. The chapters in this book include photos and figures based on scientific literature. Each section is labeled with references for readers to understand, figures, tables and text. Another advantage of the book is the "systematic writing" style of each chapter. There are several existing scientific volumes that focus specially on fish farms. The book consists of twelve distinct chapters. A wide variety of scientists, researchers and other will benefit from this book.

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Section: Antibacterial Use In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Use In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legal Use Of Antibacterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Of Aquatic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Sekkin¹,

Kum²

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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Ανάπτυξη Και Επικύρωση Μεθόδου LC-MS Για Τον Προσδιορισμό Υπολειμμάτων Αντιβιοτικών Και Μεταβολιτών Τους Σε Ψάρια

Ζωναράς¹

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Σε αυτή τη διατριβή πραγματοποιήθηκε η ανάπτυξη και επικύρωση μεθόδων για τονπροσδιορισμό της σουλφαδιαζίνης (SDZ) και της τριμεθοπρίμης (TMP), καθώς και τουκύριου μεταβολίτη της σουλφαδιαζίνης, της ακετυλο-σουλφαδιαζίνης (AcSDZ), μεεσωτερικό πρότυπο τη δαπσόνη (DPS), σε ιστούς καλλιεργούμενων ιχθύων, όπως ησάρκα με δέρμα σε φυσική αναλογία, το ήπαρ και ο ορός. Οι δραστικές ουσίες SDZ καιTMP είναι εγκεκριμένες στην Ελλάδα για χρήση τους στις ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες.Χρησιμοποιούνται συνήθως, σε αναλογία SDZ:TMP 5:1, τόσο για λόγους προώθησηςτης ανάπτυξης, όσο και για λόγους προφύλαξης και θεραπείας έναντι πολλώνβακτηριακών, κυρίως, νοσημάτων.Η ευρεία χρήση των αντιβιοτικών οδηγεί στην παρουσία καταλοίπων στους ιστούς τωνιχθύων, με αποτέλεσμα να προκύπτουν κίνδυνοι για την υγεία των καταναλωτών. Έτσι,στις μεθόδους που αναπτύχθηκαν και επικυρώθηκαν, χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνικήΥγροχρωματογραφίας-Φασματομετρίας μαζών (Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometry, LC/MS), η οποία με την υψηλή ευαισθησία και την εκλεκτικότητα πουέχει, επιτρέπει την ανίχνευση και τον ποσοτικό προσδιορισμό των ουσιών σεσυγκεντρώσεις πολύ χαμηλότερες από τα Ανώτατα Όρια Καταλοίπων (MaximumResidue Limits, MRLs) που έχει θέσει η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (E.E.). Η παρουσία τωνουσιών σε συγκεντρώσεις κάτω από τα MRLs θεωρείται «ασφαλής» για την υγεία τωνκαταναλωτών. Το MRL για το σύνολο των σουλφοναμιδίων (SAs) είναι 100 μg kg-1 καιγια την TMP 50 μg kg-1 σάρκας με δέρμα.Για τον χρωματογραφικό διαχωρισμό των αναλυτών και του εσωτερικού προτύπουχρησιμοποιήθηκε Υγροχρωματογραφικό Σύστημα Υψηλής Απόδοσης με αναλυτικήστήλη XTerra MS C18 (100,0´2,1 mm, 3,5 μm), θερμοστατούμενη στους 40 oC.Εφαρμόστηκε πρόγραμμα βαθμιδωτής έκλουσης στην κινητή φάση, η οποία αποτελείτοαπό ύδωρ και ακετονιτρίλιο με μυρμηκικό οξύ 0,05 % (v/v) και είχε ροή 0,2 mL min-1. Ωςανιχνευτής χρησιμοποιήθηκε το φασματόμετρο μαζών, μοντέλο ZQ 2000, επιλέγονταςτη μέτρηση θετικών (πρωτονιωμένων) ιόντων των υπό μελέτη ουσιών. Για την κατεργασία των δειγμάτων σάρκας με δέρμα και ήπατος χρησιμοποιήθηκε τοΣύστημα Επιταχυνόμενης Εκχύλισης, με το ύδωρ ως διαλύτη εκχύλισης, ο δεκαθαρισμός έγινε με χρήση των στηλών Εκχύλισης Στερεάς Φάσης Abselut Nexus 60mg /3 mL. Για την κατεργασία των δειγμάτων ορού πραγματοποιήθηκε Yγρό-υγρόEκχύλιση με οξικό αιθυλεστέρα και περαιτέρω καθαρισμός με n-εξάνιο.Οι μέθοδοι επικυρώθηκαν σύμφωνα με την Απόφαση 2002/657/ΕΚ της ΕυρωπαϊκήςΚοινότητας και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τον προσδιορισμό της συγκέντρωσης των SDZ,TMP και AcSDZ στους ιστούς τσιπούρας, μετά από βιολογικό πειραματισμό με δύοδιαφορετικές τροφές. Τέλος, υπολογίστηκε ο χρόνος αποδρομής των (Withdrawal time,Wt), στις δύο περιπτώσεις, με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα WT1.4.

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Antibacterial Activity of Doxycycline against Aeromonas hydrophila in Experimentally Challenged African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Ibrahim

Eleiwa

Galal

et al. 2020

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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Bacterial pathogens are the most serious agents causing diseases in both wild and cultured fish resulted in massive mortalities and economic losses. Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is a prevalent bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) that impacts freshwater fish. This research aimed to evaluate doxycycline (DOX) antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of DOX against A. hydrophila previously isolated from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were determined to be 0.78µg/mL and 3.9μg/mL, respectively. For in vivo experiment, a total number of 80 apparently healthy African catfish, were distributed randomly into four equal groups. Group 1 (non-infected, non-treated) was kept as control, Group 2 (non-infected and treated) was non-infected and treated with 20 mg/Kg BW of DOX for 5 successive days in feed, Group 3 (infected) was inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with A. hydrophila (2× 10 8 CFU/ mL) and Group 4 (infected and treated) was infected with A. hydrophila then treated with 20 mg DOX/Kg BW. Our results revealed 70% mortality in African catfish experimentally challenged with A. hydrophila (Group 3). Moreover, significant elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (89±16.26, 54.67±6.44, 36±5.29 U/L, respectively), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (195±7.64, 221.33±17.9, 211.33±12.72 U/L, respectively) and creatinine (0.68±0.098, 0.76±0.052, 0.58 ±0.023 mg/dL, respectively) was observed on 1 st , 7 th and 14 th days post treatment. While treatment of the infected fish (Group 4) with DOX decreased the mortality rate to 30 %, improved the clinical signs and significantly reduced serum ALT (30.67±6.01, 22.67±1.86 U/L, respectively) and AST (153±7.57, 147.67±6.7 U/L, respectively) on 7 th and 14 th days post treatment. Also, it significantly decreased creatinine (0.21±0.026, 0.25±0.047, 0.21±0.053 mg/dL, respectively) levels at 1 st , 7 th and 14 th days post treatment when compared with those of Group 3. The results showed that DOX could be used as an effective treatment against A. hydrophila infection in African catfish with little adverse effects.

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Antibiotic Use in Animals—Policies and Control Measures Around Europe

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Ανάπτυξη Και Επικύρωση Μεθόδου LC-MS Για Τον Προσδιορισμό Υπολειμμάτων Αντιβιοτικών Και Μεταβολιτών Τους Σε Ψάρια

Antibacterial Activity of Doxycycline against Aeromonas hydrophila in Experimentally Challenged African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

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