Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Sekkin, Selim; Kum, Cavit

doi:10.5772/26919

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Some of the main target species in aquaculture for the treatment using OTC are salmonids (e.g. Salmo sp., Oncorhynchus sp., Salvelinus alpinus ), channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ), turbot ( Psetta máxima ), sea bream ( Sparus aurata ), sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), European eel ( Anguilla Anguilla ) and common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) (Sekkin & Kum ; Cenavisa ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytetracycline in intensive aquaculture: water quality during and after its administration, environmental fate, toxicity and bacterial resistance

Leal

Santos

Esteves

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the most used antibiotics in aquaculture. This raises concerns due to its effects in human and animal health, the environmental contamination and the consequences arising therefrom. This review focuses on the OTC application in intensive aquaculture. It compiles and complements the dispersed information, presenting a comprehensive study about the OTC effects, from its administration to farmed fish, until its release into the surrounding aquatic systems. Several topics about OTC are presented and discussed: physicalchemical properties, interaction with ions, application to farmed fish, effects in water quality and possible treatments, biological activity and toxicity of OTC byproducts, environmental fate. Based on the information gathered, one concludes that OTC establishes strong complexes with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , which may have implications on its biological activity. OTC acts as inhibitor of protein synthesis and is poorly metabolized or unmetabolized by fish. Its common recommended daily dose is about 75 mg kg À1 but depends on the administration conditions and on target fish species. Regarding OTC removal from water within a semiclosed aquaculture's water circuit, ozonation and photodegradation are not completely efficient methods as none of them promotes total mineralization. However, photodegradation can be applied as a complementary method prior to ozonation, allowing to reduce costs. OTC by-products do not appear to retain its biological activity, but toxicity studies mimicking environmental conditions were not found. In open circuits (cages), water column where OTC is administered not suffer a specific treatment and the antibiotic is easily spread by the surrounding environments, affecting their inhabitants. OTC is released in the aquatic system in freely dissolved form and/or associated with organic or inorganic compounds, being subjected to natural photolysis, hydrolysis and/or biodegradation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytetracycline in intensive aquaculture: water quality during and after its administration, environmental fate, toxicity and bacterial resistance

Leal

Santos

Esteves

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Rapidly growing human populations in countries like Asia, Africa and South America drive the need for food fish, as a cheap high protein food source [1]. Aquaculture intensification has resulted in the promotion of circumstances that promote the growth of numerous illnesses and problems related to biofouling [2]. In aquaculture, antibacterial agents are used to manage bacterial diseases [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Activity of Doxycycline against Aeromonas hydrophila in Experimentally Challenged African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Ibrahim

Eleiwa

Galal

et al. 2020

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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Bacterial pathogens are the most serious agents causing diseases in both wild and cultured fish resulted in massive mortalities and economic losses. Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is a prevalent bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) that impacts freshwater fish. This research aimed to evaluate doxycycline (DOX) antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of DOX against A. hydrophila previously isolated from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were determined to be 0.78µg/mL and 3.9μg/mL, respectively. For in vivo experiment, a total number of 80 apparently healthy African catfish, were distributed randomly into four equal groups. Group 1 (non-infected, non-treated) was kept as control, Group 2 (non-infected and treated) was non-infected and treated with 20 mg/Kg BW of DOX for 5 successive days in feed, Group 3 (infected) was inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with A. hydrophila (2× 10 8 CFU/ mL) and Group 4 (infected and treated) was infected with A. hydrophila then treated with 20 mg DOX/Kg BW. Our results revealed 70% mortality in African catfish experimentally challenged with A. hydrophila (Group 3). Moreover, significant elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (89±16.26, 54.67±6.44, 36±5.29 U/L, respectively), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (195±7.64, 221.33±17.9, 211.33±12.72 U/L, respectively) and creatinine (0.68±0.098, 0.76±0.052, 0.58 ±0.023 mg/dL, respectively) was observed on 1 st , 7 th and 14 th days post treatment. While treatment of the infected fish (Group 4) with DOX decreased the mortality rate to 30 %, improved the clinical signs and significantly reduced serum ALT (30.67±6.01, 22.67±1.86 U/L, respectively) and AST (153±7.57, 147.67±6.7 U/L, respectively) on 7 th and 14 th days post treatment. Also, it significantly decreased creatinine (0.21±0.026, 0.25±0.047, 0.21±0.053 mg/dL, respectively) levels at 1 st , 7 th and 14 th days post treatment when compared with those of Group 3. The results showed that DOX could be used as an effective treatment against A. hydrophila infection in African catfish with little adverse effects.

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“…Reflecting the high interest and widespread use of the drug, a number of studies have explored the pharmacokinetic properties of AMOX or measured AMOX residues in various fish species, including the fingerling rainbow trout (Sørensen et al, 1999), juvenile Atlantic salmon (Sekkin & Kum, 2011), rockfish (Chung et al, 2006), sea bream (Della Rocca et al, 2004), yellowtail , catfish (Ang et al, 1998(Ang et al, , 2000, atlantic salmon (Brown & Grant, 1992;Inglis et al, 1993), and eel (Jeon et al, 2010). However, limited data are available on AMOX pharmacokinetics and residue depletion in olive flounder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Seo

Jeon

Jung

et al. 2014

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The study was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration, using high-performance liquid chromatography following. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), AMOX was 1.14 (Tmax , 1.7 h) and 0.76 μg/mL (Tmax , 1.6 h), respectively. Intramuscular administration of 30 and 60 mg/kg of AMOX resulted in Cmax values of 4 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively, with the corresponding Tmax values of 29 and 38 h. Intravenous administration of 6 mg/kg AMOX resulted in a Cmax of 9 μg/mL 2 h after administration. Following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg AMOX, area under the curve (AUC) values were 52.257 and 41.219 μg/mL·h, respectively. Intramuscular 30 and 60 mg/kg doses resulted in AUC values of 370.274 and 453.655 μg/mL·h, respectively, while the AUC following intravenous administration was 86.274 μg/mL·h. AMOX bioavailability was calculated to be 9% and 3.6% following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, and the corresponding values following intramuscular administration were 86% and 53%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated high bioavailability of AMOX following oral administration in olive flounder.

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Antibacterial Drugs in Fish Farms: Application and Its Effects

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

Oxytetracycline in intensive aquaculture: water quality during and after its administration, environmental fate, toxicity and bacterial resistance

Oxytetracycline in intensive aquaculture: water quality during and after its administration, environmental fate, toxicity and bacterial resistance

Antibacterial Activity of Doxycycline against Aeromonas hydrophila in Experimentally Challenged African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

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