Antibacterial Activity of Preservative-Free Topical Anesthetic Drops in Current Use in Ophthalmology Departments

Pelosini, Lucia; Treffene, Stephanie; Hollick, Emma J.

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e318182ecf9

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous publications reported that certain local anesthetic eye drops had strong antimicrobial effects, which were dose-related and related to whether the drops contained preservatives (Mullin and Rubinfeld, 1997; Dantas et al, 2000; Pelosini et al, 2009). Compared to published results, we detected a relatively lower incidence of conjunctival flora in present study, and the use of local anesthetic might be contributory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiles of Normal Conjunctiva Bacterial Flora in the Central Area of China: A Hospital-Based Study

Tao

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: To study the distribution and patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents of normal conjunctival bacteria. Materials and Methods:Conjunctival specimens were collected from 8,224 patients and then cultured, which underwent antimicrobial susceptibility test following standard methods. Patients with infectious symptoms such as erythema or oedema and those using systemic or topical antibiotics within 1 month were excluded.Results: In this study, the incidence of isolated bacteria was 24.2%. The middle aged group of 41-65 years presented the lowest rate of bacterial isolation which was 19.4%, while the highest isolation rate (83.1%) was found in patients in the age range of 0-6 years. In every age group, the incidence of bacterial isolation in men was higher than that in women. The top 3 most commonly isolated micro-organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (39.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (2.7%), of which about 83.1% S. aureus were isolated in the group of 0-6 years. We found that coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) were more resistant to penicillin, macrolides, clindamycin and sulfonamides with the rate ranging from 57.9 to 90.8%, which were highly susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, rifampin, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Contrasting to CONS, the general resistance rate of S. aureus was significantly lower. Additionally, Streptococcus was susceptible well to the majority of antimicrobial agents, while highly resistant to macrolides and tetracyclines with the rate >80%. Conclusions:In conclusion, our study revealed the incidence and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of normal conjunctiva bacterial flora in the central area of China, which could be useful in the prevention of ocular infections. Importantly, our data could be used to guide the selection of appropriate prophylactic agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiles of Normal Conjunctiva Bacterial Flora in the Central Area of China: A Hospital-Based Study

Tao

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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“…Its disinfectant properties are alleged to be one reason topical anesthetics might be expected to alter culture results. However, an in vitro study revealed that preservative‐free proxymetacaine reduced growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and that preservative‐free 1% tetracaine along with 4% oxybuprocaine‐inhibited S. epidermidis , S. aureus , P. aeruginosa , and Streptococcus pneumoniae growth . Therefore, it appears that preservatives may not be the sole cause for inhibition; and that, the anesthetic agents themselves may exert a direct antibacterial action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Edwards

Maggs

Byrne

et al. 2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Atopic dogs had significantly more frequent positive bacterial cytology (85.7 versus 52.4%) and cultures (57.1 versus 14.3%) than healthy dogs. The lower frequency of positive cultures could be explained in part by double sampling from the same conjunctival sac and by the use of the preservative‐free topical anaesthetic solution, as 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride was recently reported to exert an antibacterial effect in vitro 41 . As the same topical anaesthetic solution was used in both groups of dogs, the statistical evaluation of the differences between the two groups should not have been affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the bacterial microflora of the conjunctival sac of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis

Furiani¹,

Scarampella²,

Martino

et al. 2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate and compare the bacterial microflora from the conjunctival sac of dogs with atopic dermatitis and healthy dogs. Twenty-one atopic dogs without clinical and/or cytopathological signs of bacterial blepharoconjunctivitis and 21 breed-matched healthy dogs were enrolled. Under topical anaesthesia, the inferior conjunctival sac of one eye was scraped twice. Material was collected with a Kimura spatula, spread over a slide and stained with a Diff Quick(®) -type stain (Medion Diagnostics GmbH, Düdingen, Switzerland) for cytological examination. An area of 0.5 cm(2) was examined at ×1000 magnification, and the types and numbers of cells and bacteria were recorded. A bacterial swab was collected and inoculated into culture media for the growth of aerobic bacteria. Before sampling, each atopic dog was evaluated for severity of cutaneous lesions, pruritus and conjunctival inflammation. Significant differences were observed between atopic and healthy dogs for the presence of bacteria on cytology (P = 0.015), keratinized (P = 0.001) and nonkeratinized epithelial cells (P = 0.013), eosinophils (P = 0.019) and lymphocytes (P = 0.008). Bacteria were recovered from 12 atopic dogs and three healthy dogs (P = 0.004). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most commonly isolated species in atopic dogs (seven of 12). In atopic dogs, no significant relation was found between conjunctival bacterial colonization (on cytology and culture) and the severity of any of the clinical parameters. This study suggests differences in conjunctival bacterial colonization and cytological features between atopic and healthy dogs.

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Antibacterial Activity of Preservative-Free Topical Anesthetic Drops in Current Use in Ophthalmology Departments

Abstract: Currently used preservative-free topical anesthetics differ in bacterial growth inhibition. This in vitro study showed that proxymetacaine 0.5% is the least inhibitory on bacterial growth and therefore the most appropriate to be used before corneal scrapes.

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Incidence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiles of Normal Conjunctiva Bacterial Flora in the Central Area of China: A Hospital-Based Study

Incidence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiles of Normal Conjunctiva Bacterial Flora in the Central Area of China: A Hospital-Based Study

Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Evaluation of the bacterial microflora of the conjunctival sac of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis

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