Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Edwards, Sydney; Maggs, David J.; Byrne, Barbara A.; Kass, Philip H.; Lassaline, Mary

doi:10.1111/vop.12604

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…23 Similarly, while a study performed with human subjects demonstrated a 75% reduction in culturepositive samples following the application of proparacaine, 9 two studies with animal subjects reported no significant difference in culture results for ulcerative keratitis following the application of proparacaine. 8,24 Our results concur with these F I G U R E 3 Unique bacterial species reduction between paired swabs based on treatment group. Unique bacterial species isolated from swab #1 (before), but absent from swab #2 isolates (after) as a total number by treatment group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The effect of topical ophthalmic proparacaine, fluorescein, and tropicamide on subsequent bacterial cultures in healthy dogs

Mironovich

Mitchell

Liu

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective: To determine whether tropicamide, fluorescein, and proparacaine applied topically before sample collection affect the quantity or species of bacteria isolated via aerobic culture. Animals studied: 12 female adult research beagle cross-breed dogs.Procedures: A conjunctival swab was taken before and after the sequential application of proparacaine, tropicamide, and fluorescein to the same eye (P/T/F) with a five-minute gap between medications. Paired swabs were submitted for aerobic culture. Bacterial enumeration was performed using the spread plate method. Following a one-week washout period, the procedure was repeated using balanced salt solution (BSS). Following a second one-week washout period, the experiment was repeated using ofloxacin 0.3% solution. Colony counts were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc comparison. Bacterial species reduction was compared using a Friedman rank test and Dunn's method. Results: The bacterial colony count for P/T/F and BSS was significantly higher than the ofloxacin group (p = 0.0052, p = 0.0022). There was no significant difference for colony counts between P/T/F and BSS (p = 0.9295). The most frequently isolated bacteria included: Psychrobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Streptococcus spp. The bacterial species reduction for P/T/F and BSS was significantly lower than for ofloxacin (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0160). There was no significant difference for species reduction between P/T/F and BSS (p = 0.3749). Conclusions: The application of proparacaine, tropicamide, and fluorescein did not significantly decrease the amount or species of bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva in this canine population. The application of these solutions prior to ocular swab collection in healthy dogs is unlikely to affect subsequent culture results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The effect of topical ophthalmic proparacaine, fluorescein, and tropicamide on subsequent bacterial cultures in healthy dogs

Mironovich

Mitchell

Liu

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Finally, all samples for bacterial culture were collected after the topical application of tetracaine. Edwards et al 31 has studied the effect of topical tetracaine on corneal culture in 19 horses with ulcerative keratitis and concluded that topical anesthetic did not significantly alter bacterial culture results in horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: Associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes

Vercruysse

Narinx

Rives

et al. 2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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To describe bacterial isolates and associated antibiotic resistance from horses with ulcerative keratitis in Belgium. Methods: Medical records from horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service of the Veterinary teaching hospital of Liege, Belgium, between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. Bacterial isolates were identified and VITEK ® 2 (Biomérieux) provided antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance detection. Results: Two hundred eyes of 196 horses were sampled. Ninety-seven eyes had a positive bacterial culture (48.5%) and 139 bacterial isolates were identified. Staphylococcus (63/139: 45.3%) and Streptococcus (33/139: 23.7%) were the most frequent genus isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (21/139: 15.1%) was the most frequent species isolated of which half were methicillin-resistant (MRS). Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (19/139: 13.7%) was the second most identified bacterial isolate. Only two Pseudomonas species were isolated (2/139:1.4%). The overall resistance of all bacterial isolates against chloramphenicol (12.4%) and fluoroquinolones (14.3%) was low. Resistance against tobramycin, polymyxin B, gentamicin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, and neomycin ranged from 40.8% to 58.6%. When separating the MRS from the other staphylococci, a significant difference was noted in percentage of resistance to gentamicin (p = .00026) and tetracycline (p = .00015). MRS were highly resistant to gentamicin (75%) and tetracycline (100%), whereas the remaining staphylococci were significantly less resistant to gentamicin (17%) and tetracycline (40.4%). Conclusion:Although Pseudomonas species has been rarely cultured, our results are roughly consistent with previous studies. Multiple drug resistance was high and resistance to first-choice antibiotics in ulcerative keratitis was noted. These results warrant continued monitoring of susceptibility profile.

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“…Proparacaine has been shown to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, but not P. aeruginosa growth in vitro [40]. However, a veterinary study demonstrated no significant effect of proparacaine on the number of bacteria isolated from ocular surface samples, suggesting that proparacaine did not impact this study [41]. Similarly, previous studies have demonstrated rapid clearance of P. aeruginosa on the ocular surface of rodents [42], suggesting that the rapid reduction of pathogen bacteria on the ocular surface was due to the innate immune system of the eye rather than due to swabbing the ocular surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clearance of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens from the Ocular Surface by Predatory Bacteria

et al. 2021

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It was previously demonstrated that predatory bacteria are able to efficiently eliminate Gram-negative pathogens including antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-associated bacteria. In this proof-of-concept study we evaluated whether two species of predatory bacteria, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus, were able to alter the survival of Gram-negative pathogens on the ocular surface. Clinical keratitis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain PAC) and Serratia marcescens (strain K904) were applied to the ocular surface of NZW rabbits followed by application of predatory bacteria. At time intervals, surviving pathogenic bacteria were enumerated. In addition, B. bacteriovorus and S. marcescens were applied to porcine organ culture corneas under contact lenses, and the ocular surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The ocular surface epithelial layer of porcine corneas exposed to S. marcescens, but not B. bacteriovorus was damaged. Using this model, neither pathogen could survive on the rabbit ocular surface for longer than 24 h. M. aeruginosavorus correlated with a more rapid clearance of P. aeruginosa but not S. marcescens from rabbit eyes. This study supports previous evidence that predatory bacteria are well tolerated by the cornea, but suggest that predatory bacteria do not considerably change the ability of the ocular surface to clear the tested Gram-negative bacterial pathogens from the ocular surface.

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Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

The effect of topical ophthalmic proparacaine, fluorescein, and tropicamide on subsequent bacterial cultures in healthy dogs

The effect of topical ophthalmic proparacaine, fluorescein, and tropicamide on subsequent bacterial cultures in healthy dogs

Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: Associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes

Clearance of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens from the Ocular Surface by Predatory Bacteria

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