Anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activity in experimental type-2 diabetic rats treated orally with magnesium

Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus causes low-grade chronic inflammation which leads to the development of long-term complications. Oral magnesium (Mg) intake amongst other effects was reported to reduce the levels of inflammatory markers. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and insulin secretory activities in experimental type-2 diabetic rats (n=32) orally treated with Mg. Methods Experimental type-2 diabetic rats were induced with high fat diet and alloxan (50 mg/kg, single i.p.) for over 10 weeks prior to the experimental procedures. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, untreated experimental diabetics, and experimental diabetics treated orally with either metformin (Met) (250 mg/kg), or Mg (250 mg/kg), respectively, for 14 days. The blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored before experimental induction of diabetes and thereafter on days 1, 7, 10, and 14, respectively. Serum insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipid profile were assessed using laboratory kits while pancreatic beta cell function (BCF) and insulin resistance were estimated using homeostasis model assessment equations. Results Significant increase in the BG level was observed in all experimental diabetic groups on day 1 compared to controls. On day 14, BG, BCF, triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels were increased while the high-density lipoprotein level was reduced in untreated diabetics compared to other groups. Insulin and insulin resistance were increased in all groups compared to control. Serum insulin and IL-6 were reduced while CRP was elevated in diabetic treated groups (Met and Mg) compared to untreated diabetics. Conclusions This study shows a hypoglycemic, lipid regulatory, insulin stimulatory, and anti-inflammatory effect of oral Mg treatment in experimental type-2 diabetic rats.

Effects of magnesium picolinate, zinc picolinate, and selenomethionine co-supplementation on reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in male rats fed a high-fat diet

“…Magnesium is involved in the etiology of many diseases, including cancer, stroke, asthma, cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, immunity ( de Baaij, Hoenderop, & Bindels, 2015 ) as well as diabetes, in which Mg concentrations were found low in patients with type 2 diabetes ( Volpe, 2008 ). Being parallel to the results from the present study, rats with type 2 diabetes induced by feeding an HFD had increased serum insulin concentrations, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations when the diet was supplemented with MgCl 2 at 250 mg/kg ( Ige, Ajayi, & Adewoye, 2018 ). Similarly, rats fed an HFD had increased body weights, visceral fat, plasma insulin, leptin, and triglyceride concentrations, and supplementing Zn (6 mg/kg) to the HFD reduced the parameters ( Thoen et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Varying results from the present work and the literature ( de Baaij et al, 2015 , Hamedifard et al, 2020 , Ige et al, 2018 , Qi et al, 2020 , Thoen et al, 2019 , Volpe, 2008 , Zhang et al, 2018 ), in terms of significance and magnitude, could have been due to different forms and doses of trace minerals (Mg, Zn, Se, and their co-supplements) along with animal species used as models.…”

“…Increased oxidative stress was also linked to obesity and diabetes with reduced fertility potential in humans ( Abbasihormozi et al, 2019 ). Various forms of inorganic sources of Mg, Zn, and Se have been used as alone or co-supplements in exploring their metabolic effects in rats, mice, and humans ( Hamedifard et al, 2020 , Ige et al, 2018 , Qi et al, 2020 , Thoen et al, 2019 , Zhang et al, 2018 ). However, no comprehensive study has investigated the impact of the combination of magnesium picolinate (MgPic), zinc picolinate (ZincPic), and selenomethionine (SeMet) on blood parameters, male reproductive hormones, antioxidant status, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in male rats fed a high-fat diet.…”

Intakes of Zinc, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Relationship with Glycemic Control

“…The role of magnesium in the glycemic control has been shown in experimental studies on rats with induced T2DM. Magnesium supplementation improved insulin secretion and sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammatory status [35,36]. Morakinyo et al [36] also showed that rats supplemented with magnesium improved GLUT4 translocation and, consequently, the metabolic control.…”

Role of C-Reactive Protein in Diabetic Inflammation

“…The same authors concluded that four weeks of pumpkin powder administration decreased glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and CRP levels in diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats [ 150 ]. Interestingly, Ige et al reported similar CRP values, and also, histological pancreas findings were entirely physiological, with small amounts of secretions in diabetic and control group rats [ 151 ].…”