Intakes of Zinc, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Relationship with Glycemic Control

Abstract

The role of the concomitant intake of zinc, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the glycemic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been extensively discussed. We evaluated the relationship between the dietary intake of these micronutrients and glycemic markers in 95 individuals with T2DM (mean age 48.6 ± 8.4 years). Hierarchical grouping analysis was used to divide the individuals into two clusters according to their micronutrient intake, and differences between clusters were statistically assessed. Effects of individual and combination intake of micronutrients on glycated hemoglobin percentage (%HbA1c) were assessed using multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis. We observed a high likelihood of inadequate intake of the four micronutrients. The group with lower micronutrient intake (cluster 1) displayed higher %HbA1c (p = 0.006) and triglyceride (p = 0.010) levels. High %HbA1c showed an association with cluster 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 3.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.131; 8.175) and time of T2DM diagnosis (OR = 1.155, 95% CI = 1.043; 1.278). Potassium (β = −0.001, p = 0.017) and magnesium (β = −0.007, p = 0.015) intakes were inversely associated with %HbA1c. Reduced concomitant intake of the four micronutrients studied proved to be associated with risk of increased %HbA1c in individuals with T2DM, which was particularly predicted by magnesium and potassium intakes.

Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes

“…In contrast, elevated serum/plasma zinc concentration was found to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population, although no relationship was established between total or supplementary zinc intake and type 2 diabetes [13]. Brandão-Lima et al [14] also explored the relationship between the dietary intake of zinc, potassium, calcium, and magnesium and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. The authors used multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of individual and combination intake of these micronutrients on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and found a high likelihood of inadequate intake of the micronutrients.…”

“…The authors used multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of individual and combination intake of these micronutrients on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and found a high likelihood of inadequate intake of the micronutrients. In addition, it was noted that the group with a lower micronutrient intake demonstrated higher % HbA1c ( p = 0.006) and triglyceride ( p = 0.010) levels [14].…”

Ernährung bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

“…Zink ist als essenzielles Spurenelement mit der Insulinsynthese sowie der Speicherung von Insulin in Verbindung zu bringen. Darüber hinaus nimmt es Einfluss auf die Insulinsensitivität [8]. Dabei werden Zink sowie dessen Transportproteine, wie ZIP7, in Verbindung mit oxidativem Stress gebracht.…”

“…Eine gestörte Funktion von ZIP7 führt zu einem beeinträchtigten Zinkfluss und Stress des endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER-Stress), was wiederum eine Insulinresistenz begünstigen könnte [3]. Studien zeigten eine Verbindung zwischen einer unzureichenden Zinkaufnahme und dem Risiko für T2DM sowie erhöhten Blutglukosewerten [8].…”

Comparison of the Hyperglycemic Control of M. oleifera Leaves Aqueous Extract and Glibenclamide Tablets in Alloxan Monohydrate Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Research evidence indicates that several trace elements are essential for normal glucose homeostasis that includes: chromium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese and zinc [6]. Vitamin B1 as well as vitamins B6 and B12 support nervous system functions and helps prevent diabetic neuropathies.…”