Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oil of<i>Bupleurum fruticescens</i>

Martin, Sabine; Padilla, E; Ocete, M. A.; Gálvez, Júlio; Jiménez, J.; Zarzuelo, Antonio

doi:10.1055/s-2006-959755

Cited by 112 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…5C). (E)-BCP has been reported to exert diverse antiinflammatory effects in vivo (33,34), including gastric antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects. These findings are in agreement with the pharmacology of CB 2 receptor agonists (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid

Gertsch

Leonti

Raduner

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

712

583

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The psychoactive cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. and the arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids are nonselective natural ligands for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and CB2 receptors. Although the CB1 receptor is responsible for the psychomodulatory effects, activation of the CB2 receptor is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammation, pain, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. Here, we report that the widespread plant volatile (E) Cannabis ͉ CB2 cannabinoid receptor ͉ foodstuff ͉ inflammation ͉ natural product P lant essential oils are typically composed of volatile aromatic terpenes and phenylpropanoids. These lipophilic volatiles freely cross cellular membranes and serve various ecological roles, like plant-insect interactions (1, 2). The sesquiterpene (E)-␤-caryophyllene [(E)-BCP] (Fig. 1) is a major plant volatile found in large amounts in the essential oils of many different spice and food plants, such as oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (3-5). In nature, (E)-BCP is usually found together with small quantities of its isomers (Z)-␤-caryophyllene [(Z)-BCP or isocaryophyllene] and ␣-humulene (formerly ␣-caryophyllene) or in a mixture with its oxidation product, BCP oxide (Fig. 1). Because of its weak aromatic taste, (E)-BCP is commercially used as a food additive and in cosmetics (6). (E)-BCP is also a major component (up to 35%) in the essential oil of Cannabis sativa L (7). Although Cannabis contains Ͼ400 different secondary metabolites, including Ͼ65 cannabinoid-like natural products, only ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ⌬ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabinol have been reported to activate cannabinoid receptor types 1 (CB 1 ) and 2 (CB 2 ) (8). Here, we show that the essential oil component (E)-BCP selectively binds to the CP55,940 binding site (i.e., THC binding site) in the CB 2 receptor, leading to cellular activation and antiinflammatory effects. CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors are GTP-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors that were first cloned in the early 1990s (9, 10). Although the CB 1 receptor is expressed in the central nervous system and in the periphery, the CB 2 receptor is primarily found in peripheral tissues (11). In vivo, CB receptors are activated by arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids, such as 2-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (12, 13). In addition to a wide range of primarily CB 1 receptor-mediated physiological effects on the central nervous system, different cannabinoid ligands have been reported to modulate immune responses (14). In particular, CB 2 receptor ligands have been shown to inhibit inflammation and edema formation (15), exhibit analgesic effects (16), and play a protective role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (17). In the gastrointestinal tract, CB 2 receptor agonists have been shown to prevent experimental colitis by reducing inflammation (18). Moreover, the CB 2 receptor has been described as a potential ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid

Gertsch

Leonti

Raduner

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

712

583

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“…Essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes present biological properties which include spasmolytic, 24 local anaesthetic, 25 anti-inflammatory, 26 antimicrobial 23 and antifungal action. 27 Calamusenone, the major component found here, is frequently isolated from Acorus calamus, 17,28 a semi-aquatic plant of the Araceae family found in central Asia, India, North America and Europe.…”

Section: -22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis pectinata (l.) Poit.

Santos¹,

Costa²,

Alves³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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ChemiCal Composition and antimiCrobial aCtivity of the essential oil ofEssential oil was extracted from leaves of Hyptis pectinata using hydrodistillation, and its composition determined using GC-FID and GC-MS. Chemical analysis showed that there was a predominance of sesquiterpenes, of which b-caryophyllene (18.34%), caryophyllene oxide (18.00%) and calamusenone (24.68%) were measured for the first time in the genus Hyptis. Twenty-one compounds were identified, and calamusenone was isolated using preparative thin layer chromatography with a silica gel plate (60 PF 254 ). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined for various pathogenic microorganisms. H. pectinata oil was most effective against Gram (+) bacteria and yeasts.

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“…É o caso do limoneno na sua forma enantiômera (D-limoneno), na terapia de câncer de mama, pâncreas e próstata [11,21] e do β-cariofileno que apresenta atividade espasmolítica [6], anestésica local [19] e antiinflamatória [27].…”

Section: 28] Tendo Aproximadamente Teor Sete Vezes Superior Aounclassified

Composição química dos frutos de Campomanesia adamantium (Cambessédes) O.Berg

Vallilo¹,

Lamardo²,

Gaberlotti³

et al. 2006

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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RESUMOFrutos de C. adamantium (Myrtaceae), coletados em diferentes estádios de amadurecimento na Floresta Estadual de Assis -São Paulo -, foram avaliados quanto à composição nutricional, perfil de óleo volátil e presença de elementos inorgânicos. O fruto apresentou alto teor de água (75,9%), baixo pH (4,3) e elevada acidez (1,2 g em ácido cítrico). Além disso, destacou-se como excelente fonte de vitamina C (234 mg 100 g -1 ). No óleo volátil, foi possível identificar 40 componentes que corresponderam a 93,3% dos compostos presentes. Como componentes majoritários do óleo, destacaram-se o α-pineno (10,6%), limoneno (10,1%) e o β-(z)-ocimeno (9,2%). Entre os minerais (16), os principais constituintes foram o K (1304 mg kg -1 ), Ca, P e Mg na concentração compreendida entre 165 e 175 mg kg -1 e, como micro elementos, o Fe (11,3 mg kg -1 ) e o Al (15,9 mg kg -1 ). O valor energético do fruto (66,3 kcal 100 g -1 ) deveu-se quase que exclusivamente aos carboidratos totais (11,6%). Palavras-chave: Myrtaceae, gabiroba, composição centesimal, valor calórico, óleo essencial.collected in different stages of maturation at Assis State Forest, São Paulo, were evaluated for nutritional composition, volatile oil profile and presence of inorganic elements. The fruit showed a high level of moisture (75.9%), low pH (4.3) and high acidity (1.2 g in citric acid). It is a significant source of vitamin C (234 mg 100 g -1 ). In the volatile oil, 40 compounds were identified corresponding to 93.3% of the oil contents. The major components were α-pinene (10.6%), limonene (10.1%) and the β-(z)-ocimene (9.2%). Among the inorganic elements the nutrients exceed: K (1304 mg kg -1 ), Ca, P, and Mg from 165 to 175 mg kg -1 concentration and the microelements Fe (11.3 mg kg -1 ) and Al (15.9 mg kg -1 ). The caloric value (66.3 kcal 100 g -1 ) was due almost exclusively to the total carbohydrates (11.6%). Keywords: Myrtaceae, gabiroba, centensimal composition, caloric value, essential oil. -INTRODUÇÃOOs frutos de C. adamantium, popularmente conhecidos como "gabiroba" ou "gabiroba-do-mato", apresentam formato redondo, de coloração que varia do verde escuro ao verde claro e amarelo, e exalam aroma cítrico, agradável ao olfato. Essa espécie pertence à família Myrtaceae, composta por mais de 100 gêneros e 3.600 espécies. A planta se desenvolve de forma arbustiva, atingindo até 2 m de altura, muito ramificada e com ramos delgados. Suas folhas são simples, opostas, ovais ou elípticas, membranáceas ou cartáceas, com base aguda à obtusa, apresentando ápice agudo com cerca de 4 cm de comprimento e 2 cm de largura [14].A planta floresce nos meses de setembro a novembro, com flores brancas, solitárias, axilares ou terminais. Os frutos amadurecem de novembro a dezembro, sendo comestíveis e consumidos por várias espécies de pássaros e mamíferos [8,25].Citações da literatura indicam a ocorrência da espécie em campos de cerrado, no Centro -Oeste e no Sudeste do Brasil e, em alguns casos, chegando a ultrapassar os limites do País para alcançar as terras do Urugua...

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oil ofBupleurum fruticescens

Cited by 112 publications

References 1 publication

Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid

Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis pectinata (l.) Poit.

Composição química dos frutos de Campomanesia adamantium (Cambessédes) O.Berg

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